Plant Oils Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Plant Oils Deck (23)
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1
Q

At room temperature what are oils like?

A

Quite runny.

2
Q

What can you do to oil to make it into margarine?

A

Hydrogenate the oil.

3
Q

What do UNSATURATED oils contain?

A

Double bonds between some of the carbon atoms in their carbon chains.

4
Q

Oils and fats contain what?

A

Long-chain molecules with lots of carbon atoms.

5
Q

Oils and fats can either be what?

A

Saturated or unsaturated.

6
Q

What will a unsaturated oil do to bromine water?

A

Decolourise it.

As the bromine water opens up the double bond joins on.

7
Q

What do MONOUNSATURATED fats contain?

A

One C=C double bond somewhere in their carbon chains.

8
Q

What do POLYUNSATURATED fats contain?

A

More than one C=C double bond.

9
Q

How can unsaturated oils be hardened?

A

By reacting them with hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst at about 60’C.

10
Q

By reacting UNSATURATED oil with hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst at about 60’C, what is this process called?

A

Hydrogenation.

11
Q

In hydrogenation what does the hydrogen do?

A

It reacts with the double-bonded carbons and opens up the double bonds.

12
Q

Hydrogenated oil have a higher what compared to unsaturated oils?

A

Higher melting point.
More solid at room temperature.
Useful for spreads/baking cakes/pastries.

13
Q

What is margarine made from?

A

Partially hydrogenated vegetable oil.

Turning all the double bonds in vegetable oil to single bonds would make the margarine too hard and difficult to spread.

14
Q

Hydrogenating most of the vegetable oils makes what?

A

Margarine with a nice, buttery, spreadable consistency.

15
Q

How is partially hydrogenating vegetable oil better than butter?

A

They are a lot cheaper and they keep longer.

eg makes biscuits cheaper and gives them a longer shelf life.

16
Q

Give a negative about hydrogenating vegetable oils?

A

You end up with a lot of so called trans fats.

Evidence to suggest these trans fats are very bad for you.

17
Q

Vegetable oils tend to be what?

Animals fats tend to be what?

A

Veg oil - Unsaturated.

Ani fat - Saturated.

18
Q

What is healthier saturated fats or unsaturated fats?

A

Unsaturated fats.

19
Q

Why are saturated fats bad for you?

A

Increase the amount of cholesterol in the blood.

Which can block up arteries and increase risk of heat disease.

20
Q

What do natural unsaturated fats do?

A

Reduce the amount of blood cholesterol.

21
Q

Give examples of natural unsaturated fats?

A

Olive oil.

Sunflower oil.

22
Q

Because of trans fats partially hydrogenated vegetable oil does what?

A

Increases the amount of cholesterol in the blood.

Increase risk of heart disease.

23
Q

Cooking food in oil makes the food more what?

A

Fattening.