Properties and Uses of Crude Oil

Question 1

The different fractions of crude oil have what?

Answer 1

Different properties and its all down to their structures.

Question 2

What is crude oil mostly?

Answer 2

Alkanes .

Question 3

What are ALL the fractions of crude oil?

Answer 3

Hydrocarbons called alkanes.

Question 4

What are alkanes made up of?

Answer 4

Chains of carbon atoms surrounded by hydrogen atoms.

Question 5

What do different alkanes have?

Answer 5

Chains of different lengths.

Question 6

What are the first 4 alkanes?

Answer 6

Methane - natural gas.
Ethane.
Propane.
Butane.

Question 7

What is the formula for methane?

Answer 7

CH4.

little 4

Question 8

What is the formula for ethane?

Answer 8

C2H6.

little 2 and 6

Question 9

What is the formula for propane?

Answer 9

C3H8.

little 3 and 8

Question 10

What is the formula for butane?

Answer 10

C4H10.

little 4 and 10

Question 11

What do the straight lines represent on the alkane diagrams?

Answer 11

A covalent bond.

Question 12

How many bonds do carbon atoms form?

Answer 12

4 bonds.

Question 13

How many bonds do hydrogen atoms form?

Answer 13

1 bond.

Question 14

What does saturated mean?

Answer 14

That all the atoms have formed bonds with as many other atoms as they can.

Question 15

What is the general formula for alkanes?

Answer 15

CnH2n+2.

Question 16

What does the 2n stand for?

Answer 16

2 times the amount of carbons the alkane has.

Question 17

1. The shorter the molecules…

Answer 17

The more runny the hydrocarbon is and the less vicious.

Question 18

2. The shorter the molecules…

Answer 18

The more volatile they are.

Meaning they turn into a gas at lower temperatures.

Question 19

3. The shorter the molecules…

Answer 19

The lower the temperature at which that fraction vaporises and condenses and the lower the boiling point.

Question 20

4. The shorter the molecules…

Answer 20

The more flammable the hydrocarbon is.

Question 21

The uses of hydrocarbons depends on what?

Answer 21

Their properties.

Question 22

The volatility helps decide what?

Answer 22

What the fraction is used for.

Question 23

What fraction has the shortest molecules?

Answer 23

The refinery gas fraction so it has the lowest boiling point.

Question 24

What is the refinery gas fraction?

Answer 24

A gas at room temperature.

Question 25

What is the refinery gas fraction ideal for?

Answer 25

Using bottled gas. Its stored under pressure as liquid in 'bottles'. When the tap on the bottle is opened the fuel vaporises and flows to the burner where it's ignited.

Question 26

What does the petrol fraction have?

Answer 26

Longer molecules so it has a higher boiling point.

Question 27

What is petrol ideal for?

Answer 27

Its a liquid so its ideal for storing in the fuel tank of a car. It can flow to the engine where its' easily vaporised to mix with the air before it is ignited.

Question 28

What also helps decided how hydrocarbons are used?

Answer 28

The viscosity.

Question 29

What are the really gloopy viscous hydrocarbons used for?

Answer 29

Lubricating engine parts and covering roads.

Question 30

Summarise what short chain hydrocarbons are.

Answer 30

Less vicious. More volatile. Easier to ignite.