Plant Physiology

Question 1

The general process by which living cells acquire and use the energy needed to stay alive, to grow,
and to reproduce.

Answer 1

Energy Metabolism

Question 2

Chemical reaction in which energy is stored in
molecules.

Answer 2

Anabolic/Anabolism

Question 3

2 processes of Energy Metabolism in Plants

Answer 3

Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration

Question 4

End product of Photosynthesis

Answer 4

Glucose C6H12O6

Question 5

An anabolic, endergonic, carbon dioxide (CO2)
requiring process that uses light energy (photons)
and water (H2O) to produce organic
macromolecules (glucose).

Answer 5

Photosynthesis

Question 6

Importance of Photosynthesis

Answer 6

Production of food

Contributes to the symbiotic relationship between
plants, humans and animals.

Number one source of oxygen.

Contributes to the carbon cycle.

Question 7

Site of Photosynthesis

Answer 7

Chloroplast

Question 8

In endergonic when energy is absorbed it becomes

Answer 8

Anabolic

Question 9

It has the same function with Nuclear Envelope

Answer 9

Envelope (Outer Membrane)

Question 10

What happens if the small molecules enter the envelope

Answer 10

It diffuses easily

Question 11

Perinuclear Space, has the same function as Mitochondria. Thin and it lies between the outer and inner membrane of the chloroplasts

Answer 11

Intermembrane Space

Question 12

It forms a border to the stroma, it regulates the passage of materials in and out of the chloroplasts.

Answer 12

Inner Membrane

Question 13

What does inner membrane synthesize

Answer 13

Fatty acids, lipids, and carotenoids.

Question 14

It is an alkaline (basic) aquaeous liquid protein. The spaces outside “Thylakoid Space”.

Answer 14

Stroma (Lamellae)

Question 15

Fluid of Chloroplast

Answer 15

Stroma (Lamellae)

Question 16

Stacks of Thylakoid are called

Answer 16

Granum

Question 16

It is suspended (it floats like our organelles) in the stroma.

Answer 16

Thylakoid/Granum

Question 17

This is where you see chlorophyll or the green pigment

Answer 17

Thylakoid System

Question 18

The green pigment that gives the color to the plant, and helps plants in creating their own foods through photosynthesis

Answer 18

Chlorophyll

Question 19

What reaction light reaction occurs in the thylakoid?

Answer 19

Light Dependent Reaction

Question 20

Spaces outside the stroma is called?

Answer 20

Thylakoid space

Question 21

Two stages of Photosynthesis

Answer 21

Light Dependent Reaction and Light Independent Reaction

Question 22

What is ATP?

Answer 22

Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 24

Preparatory stage of photosynthesis.

Answer 24

Light Dependent Reaction

Question 24

Uses light energy to make two molecules needed for the next stage of photosynthesis.

Answer 24

Light Dependent Reaction

Question 25

Light Dependent Reaction The light reactions take place in the?

Answer 25

Thylakoid Membrane

Question 26

The principal molecule for storing and transferring energy in cells.

Answer 26

Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 26

High energy bond, it is attached to sugar

Answer 26

Inorganic Phosphate

Question 27

ATP Groups

Answer 27

Phosphate Group Sugar Group Nucleotide Group (Adenine)

Question 28

What is NADPH?

Answer 28

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH)

Question 29

STEP 1: LDR High energy electrons is based to an ________ and replaced with an electron from water

Answer 29

Acceptor Molecule

Question 30

It carries electrons and protons driven by sunlight.

Answer 30

NADPH

Question 30

An energy-carrying molecule produced in the first stage of photosynthesis. It provides energy to fuel the Calvin cycle in the second stage of photosynthesis.

Answer 30

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH)

Question 30

What step of LDR is when Excited electron from ps2 are transferred to an electron transport chain within the thylakoid membrane.

Answer 30

STEP 2: PRODUCTION OF ATP VIA AN ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

Question 30

Large complexes of proteins and pigments (light-absorbing molecules) that are optimized to harvest light.

Answer 30

Photosystem

Question 31

P680

Answer 31

Photosystem II

Question 32

P700

Answer 32

Photosystem I

Question 32

What STEP in LDR is when PS II absorbs light energy delocalized electrons within the pigment become energized/excited

Answer 32

STEP 1: EXCITATION OF PHOTOSYSTEMS BY LIGHT ENERGY

Question 32

STEP 1: LDR Excited electrons are transferred to a ________ within the thylakoid membrane

Answer 32

Carrier Molecule

Question 33

STEP 1: LDR What is split? and what is released?

Answer 33

Water is split and oxygen is released

Question 33

As electron passed through the chain they loosed energy which used to pump ______________ into the thylakoid membrane.

Answer 33

Hydrogen ions

Question 34

Proton pump also known as

Answer 34

ATP Synthase

Question 35

ATP synthase uses the passage of H+ ion to catalyzed the synthesis of ATP also known as

Answer 35

Chemiosmosis

Question 35

ATP synthase needs

Answer 35

Proton

Question 35

Electron arrives at PS1. When light energy is absorbed by pigments delocalized electron would be excited or excited to an acceptor membrane and used to reduced NADP+.

Answer 35

Reduction of NADP+ and the Photolysis of Water

Question 35

What is form in STEP 3 that is needed in Light Independent Reaction?

Answer 35

NADPH

Question 36

As electron travels?

Answer 36

It loses energy

Question 36

Water is split by ________ into Hydrogen and ________ is release as by product.

Answer 36

Light energy, Oxygen

Question 37

How many ATP and NADPH does it need to produce 1 glucose molecule?

Answer 37

18 ATP molecules and 12 NADPH molecules to produce 1 C6H12O6

Question 38

Light Independent Reaction is also known as?

Answer 38

Calvin Cycle

Question 39

Where does Light Independent Reaction takes place?

Answer 39

Stroma

Question 40

The energized electrons from the light-dependent reactions provide the energy to form carbohydrates from carbon dioxide molecules.

Answer 40

Light Independent Reaction

Question 41

What is STEP 1 in Light Independent Reaction?

Answer 41

Carbon Fixation

Question 41

The energized electrons from the light-dependent reactions provide the energy to form ________ from __________

Answer 41

Carbohydrates, carbon dioxide molecules

Question 42

Carbon dioxide molecules combines with a?

Answer 42

Carbon Molecule Acceptor (RuBP)

Question 43

What is RuBP?

Answer 43

Ribulose bisphosphate (5C)

Question 44

What is GP?

Answer 44

glycerate-3-phosphate (3C)

Question 45

What is TP?

Answer 45

triose phosphate (3C)

Question 46

STEP 1: Carbon Fixation The reaction is catalyzed by the enzymes?

Answer 46

Ribulose biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco)

Question 46

GP is converted to TP using these two molecules?

Answer 46

ATP and NADPH

Question 46

What is STEP 2 in Light Independent Reaction?

Answer 46

Reduction of GP

Question 47

A chemical reaction that involves the use of water to break down a molecule into smaller molecules

Answer 47

Hydrolysis Reaction

Question 48

What is the step 3 in Light Indepedent Reaction?

Answer 48

Regeneration of RuBP

Question 49

In order for one TP molecule to exit the cycle _________ must enter the cycle

Answer 49

3 CO2 Molecules

Question 50

Regeneration of RuBP molecules requires energy derived from the ___________

Answer 50

Hydrolysis of ATP

Question 51

The process by which living cells break down glucose molecules and release energy.

Answer 51

Cellular Respiration

Question 52

What type of process if cellular respiration in which it takes place in the presence of oxygen gas to produce energy from food. Need oxygen Can be obtain from water or air.

Answer 52

Aerobic Process

Question 53

Types of Cellular Respiration?

Answer 53

Aerobic and Anaerobic

Question 54

It is a form of cellular respiration where oxygen is not present.

Answer 54

Anaerobic Process

Question 55

Embden Meyerhof Pathway

Answer 55

Glycolysis

Question 56

It is a metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate via a series of intermediate metabolites. It is also known as the Glycolysis pathway

Answer 56

Embden Meyerhof Pathway

Question 57

It is commonly encountered as one of the end products of glycolysis, which is then transported to the mitochondria for participating the citric acid cycle

Answer 57

Pyruvate (Pyruvic Acid)

Question 58

Stages of Cellular Respiration

Answer 58

Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain

Question 59

The process in which glucose is broken down to produce energy.

Answer 59

Glycolysis

Question 60

A chain of reactions occurring in the mitochondria, through which almost all living cells produce energy in aerobic respiration. It uses oxygen and gives out water and carbon dioxide as products.

Answer 60

Krebs Cycle

Question 61

A collection of proteins bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane and organic molecules, which electrons pass through in a series of redox reactions, and release energy.

Answer 61

Electron Transport Chain

Question 62

Series of reactions that extract energy from glucose by splitting it into two three-carbon molecules called?

Answer 62

Pyruvates

Question 63

Where does Glycolysis occur?

Answer 63

Cytosol of a cell (Cytoplasm)

Question 64

Glycolysis is Aerobic or Anaerobic?

Answer 64

Anaerobic

Question 65

Two phases of Glycolysis?

Answer 65

Energy Requiring Phase and Energy Releasing Phase

Question 66

A biochemical process that involves the addition of phosphate to an organic compound.

Answer 66

Phosphorylation

Question 67

An enzyme that adds phosphate groups to other molecules.

Answer 67

Kinase

Question 68

Enzymes that catalyze reactions involving a structural rearrangement of a molecule.

Answer 68

Isomerase

Question 69

An enzyme that catalyzes the removal of hydrogen atoms from a particular molecule.

Answer 69

Dehydrogenase

Question 70

An enzyme which catalyzes the transfer of a functional group between two positions within the same molecule.

Answer 70

Mutase

Question 71

Energy Investment First half of glycolysis Uses two ATP molecules in the phosphorylation (add of phosphate to the compound) of glucose which then split into 2 three carbon molecules.

Answer 71

Energy-Requiring Phase

Question 72

It involves phosphorylation without ATP investment. Energy pay-off Second half of Glycolysis

Answer 72

Energy-Releasing Phase