Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Plant Structure and Growth > Flashcards

Plant Structure and Growth Flashcards

1
Q

Similarity of apical and lateral meristems

A

Both apical and lateral meristems rely on totipotent cell divisions for growth this increases plant volume & mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Node

A

A point in a plant stem at which one or more leaves are attached

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the function of plant roots?

A

absorb water and mineral ions, anchor plant to the ground

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the function of stems?

A

provides attachment for leaves ( at nodes ), transports nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the function of a plants leaves?

A

perform photosynthesis, gas exchange and transpiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the one non-vascular plant studied?

A

phylum brophyta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe phylum bryophyta

A

Non-vascular plant, small, lack leaves and stems, no xylem or phloem tissue, produces using spores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is an example of a phylum Bryophyta?

A

moss and liverworts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

describe vascular plants

A

have conductive vascular tissue, xylem and phloem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the types of vascular plants studied?

A

Spermatophytes, phylum filicophyta, phylum angiospermophyta, and phylum Coniferophyta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe spermatophytes

A

produce seeds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe Phylum Filicophyta

A

has pinnate leaves, reproduces using spores released from sori

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Example of a Phylum Filicophyta

A

Ferns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe Phylum Angiospermophyta

A

flowering plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Example of Phylum Anigospermophyta

A

sunflower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe a Phylum Coniferophyta

A

seeds are in cones ( naked seeds )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Example of a Phylum Coniferophyta

A

Conifers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Phylum Angiospermophytas are either…

A

monocots, or dicots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Monocots

A

one seed leaf ( grass, orchids )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Dicots

A

Two seed leaves ( roses )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What do undifferentiated cells in the meristems allow?

A

undifferentiated cells in the meristems of plants allow indeterminate growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Meristems

A

tissues containing totipotent/ undifferentiated cells capable of indeterminate growth

23
Q

indeterminate growth

A

allows a plant to go through mitosis to grow and add new structures forever, as long as resources are accessible

24
Q

What are the 3 most basic tissues?

A

Dermal tissue, ground tissue, and vascular tissue

25
Q

Vascular tissue

A

xylem transports water and minerals and provides support, and phloem transports sugars and provides support

26
Q

What are the two types of meristems?

A

Apical and Lateral

27
Q

Apical Meristem

A

primary growth

28
Q

Where is the apical meristem found?

A

found at the apex tips of roots and stems

29
Q

What is the function of apical meristems?

A

Allows plants to grow taller and produce new leaves, flowers, fruits, and allows roots to extend throughout the soil

30
Q

Lateral Meristem

A

Secondary growth

31
Q

Where are lateral meristems found?

A

One the side, in the cambium

32
Q

What is the function of lateral meristems?

A

Allows plant stems and roots to grow outward, become thicker, and produce secondary phloem and xylem cork and bark

33
Q

Compare and contrast apical vs lateral meristems growth location

A

Apical growth: occurs at the apex/tips of stems and roots
Lateral growth: occurs at cambium in woody trees/shrubs

34
Q

Compare and contrast apical vs lateral meristems directional growth

A

Apical meristem: adds vertical growth to roots and stems
Lateral meristem: adds lateral growth, widens and thickens, stems and roots of plants

35
Q

Compare and contrast the end products of apical vs lateral meristems

A

Apical meristem: produces new leaves and flowers/fruits
Lateral meristem: produces bark and wood on trees/ woody shrubs

36
Q

Compare and contrast apical vs lateral meristems developmental growth

A

Apical meristem: develops into primary xylem and phloem
Lateral meristem: produces secondary xylem and phloem

37
Q

What do plant hormones control?

A

Plant hormones control growth in the shoot apex

38
Q

Phytohormones

A

plant hormones

39
Q

How is auxin produced?

A

produced by cells in the shot apex ( apical meristem )

40
Q

Auxin

A

main plant hormone promotes growth in the shoot apex by inhibiting growth in the lateral/ axillary buds

41
Q

Auxin

A

main plant hormone promotes growth in the shoot apex by inhibiting growth in the lateral/ axillary buds

42
Q

Where are apical and lateral meristems found?

A

Apical and lateral meristems are found in dicots and gymnosperms (woody plants)

43
Q

tropism

A

a directional response in a plant to an external stimulus ( light, chemicals, gravity, touch )

44
Q

Positive tropism

A

plant growth is toward the stimulus

45
Q

Negative tropism

A

Plant growth is away from the stimulus

46
Q

phototropism

A

is a positive and negative tropism in plant stems

47
Q

What is phototropism controlled by?

A

Auxin

48
Q

What do high concentrations of auxin stimulate?

A

in stems and shoots, high concentrations of auxin stimulate cell elongation and growth by changing patterns of gene expression

49
Q

Auxin efflux pumps

A

actively transport auxin out of cells to redistribute it within plant tissues, creating auxin concentration gradients and causing certain plant tissues to contain higher concentrations of auxin than others

50
Q

How does auxin influence cell growth rates?

A

auxin influences cells growth rates by changing the pattern of gene expression

51
Q

Micropropogation

A

a technique used to asexually reproduce large numbers of identical plants

52
Q

What does micropropagation utilize?

A

micropropagation of plants utilizes tissues from the shoot apex, nutrient agar gels, and growth hormones

53
Q

What is micropropagation used for?

A

Micropropagation is used for rapid bulking of new charities, production of virus-free strains of existing varieties, and propagation of orchids and other endangered species

54
Q

Shoot apex

A

The shoot apex is the tip of the stem, which contains meristematic cells and the region of growth

Biology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions