What to know for Human Nutrition Quiz

Question 1

Distinguish between essential and non-essential nutrients

Answer 1

Essential= cannot be synthesized by the organism, needs to be ingested into the diet

Non-essential= can be made from other amino acids, doesn’t need to be ingested in the diet

Question 2

Non-essential

Answer 2

can be made from other amino acids, doesn’t need to be ingested in diet

Question 3

Essential nutrients

Answer 3

Cannot be synthesized by the organism, needs to be ingested in the diet

Question 4

Define Calorimeter

Answer 4

combusting (burning) a known mass of a food sample, the energy content of the food can be calculated by measuring the heat energy released from the burning food using a CALORIMETER

Question 4

Outline how to determine the energy content of food (calorimetry).

Answer 4

Heat from the burning food is transferred to the water and the temperature increase of the water is used to calculate the energy content of the food sample (using the specific heat capacity of water: the amount of energy required to raise 1g of water 1℃ = 4.18 Joules)

Question 5

What must be known/ kept constant in calorimetry?

Answer 5

mass of food sample
-mass/ volume of water (1g = 1ml)
-starting temperature of water
-distance between calorimeter and burning food sample

Question 6

What error typically occurs in Calorimetry?

Answer 6

error is often caused by heat loss to environment and/ or incomplete combustion of food sample

Question 7

What error typically occurs in Calorimetry?

Answer 7

error is often caused by heat loss to environment and/ or incomplete combustion of food sample

Question 8

Effects of insufficient amounts of Vitamin D

Answer 8

Insufficient Vitamin D (and lowered Ca2+ levels) may cause rickets (children) or osteomalacia (adults)

Question 9

Consequences of insufficient vitamin D intake

Answer 9

Lack of vitamin D or calcium can affect bone mineralization and cause rickets or osteomalacia

Question 10

What controls appetite?

Answer 10

the hypothalamus

Question 11

Define malnutrition

Answer 11

Malnutrition is a health condition that is caused by a deficiency, imbalance, or excess nutrients in the diet

Question 12

What are the two types of malnutrition?

Answer 12

Over-nutrition and undernutrition

Question 13

Outline the health consequences of obesity

Answer 13

Obesity can provoke an increase in high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and heart disease

Question 14

Outline the health consequences of starvation and anorexia

Answer 14

Starvation= body will begin to break down OWN tissue when not receiving enough energy from diet

Anorexia= in severe cases, the body will begin breaking down the heart. Additionally, the heart muscle atrophies are weakened and blood pressure drops

Question 15

Starvation

Answer 15

severe restriction (deficiency) of daily energy intake

Question 16

Anorexia

Answer 16

eating disorder where individuals severely limit food intake

Question 17

Explain how cholesterol levels in the blood are an indicator of the risk of CHD (coronary heart disease)

Answer 17

Too much LDL cholesterol in your blood increases your risk for coronary artery disease and other heart diseases. High LDL levels can cause the buildup of a sticky substance called plaque in your arteries. Over time, plaque can narrow your arteries or fully block them.

Question 18

LDL

Answer 18

Bad

Question 19

HDL

Answer 19

Good

Question 20

What does LDL transport?

Answer 20

carries cholesterol FROM the liver TO the body (increase blood cholesterol levels)

Question 21

What does HDL transport?

Answer 21

carries cholesterol FROM the body TO the liver (for disposal - decreasing blood cholesterol levels)

Question 22

What effects the amount of cholesterol in the blood?

Answer 22

The TYPE (and amount) of fat (fatty acids) a person eats every day affects the amount of cholesterol in the blood:

Question 23

Saturated Fats

Answer 23

Increase in LDL levels= increase in cholesterol

Question 24

Trans fats

Answer 24

Increase in LDL levels and decrease in HDL levels= significantly high blood cholesterol

Question 25

Cis-polyunsaturated fats

Answer 25

Increase in HDL levels= decrease blood cholesterol levels