Plant structures and functions

Question 1

Protists

Answer 1

Plants and algae (can trap energy transferred by light from the sun_

Question 2

Glucose

Answer 2

Molecules of sugar

Question 3

Photosynthesis

Answer 3

Transferring light energy from the sun into glucose and using it for respiration

Question 4

Biomass

Answer 4

The materials in an organism

Question 5

Photosynthesis equation

Answer 5

Carbon dioxide + water ——> glucose + oxygen

Question 6

Where does photosynthesis occur

Answer 6

In the chloroplast, which contains a green substance called chlorophyll that traps energy transferred by light

Question 7

What type of reaction is photosynthesis

Answer 7

Endothermic reaction

Question 8

Glucose molecules are linked together to form

Answer 8

Starch (a polymer)-> which is broken down into simpler substances which are moved to the cytoplasm and used to make sucrose

Question 9

Palisade cells

Answer 9

Near thr top of the leafy, packed with chloroplasts to allow a leaf to absorb more light

Question 10

Stomata

Answer 10

Microscopic pores that allow carbon dioxide to diffuse into the leaf, to be used for photosynthesis.

Question 11

Guard cells

Answer 11

The stomata are opened by guard cells which are controlled by water flow. When there is more light, they are more rigid and at night, they lose their water and become less rigid

Question 12

Concentration of air molecules effect on photosynthesis

Answer 12

Lower rate of photosynthesis in high mountains compared to sea level because of a reduced concentration of air molecules

Question 13

Temperature effect one photosynthesis

Answer 13

Reactions in photosynthesis are catalysts by enzymes that work better at warmer temperatures. High altitudes are colder (less photosynthesis at top of mounts)

Question 14

Limiting factor

Answer 14

A factor that prevents a rate increasing (e.g carbon dioxide, temperature, light intensity)

Question 15

The water absorbed by plant roots is used for:

Answer 15

• Carrying dissolved mineral ions
• Keeping cells rigid
• Cooling the leaves
• Photosynthesis

Question 16

Hoot hair cells

Answer 16

The outer surfaces of roots are covered by root hair cells.

They are an extension of the cell to prove larger surface area (to dissolve the ions quicker)

They have thin walls so the flow of water is not slowed down

Question 17

Xylem vessel

Answer 17

Carries water

Question 18

Phloem tissue

Answer 18

Carries sugars

Question 19

Transpiration

Answer 19

The flow of water into a root, up the stem and out of the leaves

Question 20

Xylem vessels

Answer 20

Form continuous pipes leading from a plants roots up into its leaves.

Question 21

What is inside xylem vessels

Answer 21

An unbroken chain of water. Water is pulled up the xylem vessels in the stem as water evaporates in the leaves.

Question 22

Xylem

Answer 22

During their development, xylem cells die and their top and bottom cell walls disintegrate. This create long empty vessels through which water can move easily.

Xylem vessels are rigid because they have thick side walls and rings of hard lignin and so water pressure inside the vessels does not burst or collapse them

Question 23

Phloem

Answer 23

Plants make sucrose from the glucose and starch made by photosynthesis. Sucrose is translocated in the sieve tubes of the phloem tissue.

The large central channel in each sieve cell is connected to its neighbors by holes

Question 24

Companion cells

Answer 24

Actively pump sucrose into or out of the sieve cells that form the sieve tubes