Plant Systems Flashcards
(42 cards)
What is the plant organization order?
Cells > tissues > organ > organ system > organism
What is recall (cell differentiation) mean?
The process of making specialized cells?
The spongy mesophyll cell is part of what process?
Photosynthesis.
What does the xylem cell do?
Transport water.
What is the meristematic cell?
An unspecialized cell that gives rise to specialized cells.
What are cells in plant tissues constantly undergoing cell division (mitosis) for?
Growth.
Where are cells in plant tissues usually found at in plants?
At plant tips (tips of roots and tips of branches).
What does it mean when the plant grows upward?
It means it is “getting taller.”
What does the chemical Auxin prevent?
Lateral buds from growing by silencing gene expression.
What else does the plant do other than growing outward?
It “thickens.”
What happens to leaves when they become less efficient with age?
They are replaced by new, more efficient leaves.
What do plants do, unlike multicellular animals?
They form new organs throughout their lives.
What is an example of plants forming new organs throughout their lives?
That leaves and roots of plants are continuously growing and being replaced.
What are the two “body” systems that plants are considered to have?
Shoot system and root system.
What are shoot systems about?
Photosynthesis and reproduction.
What are root systems about?
Anchors plants, absorbs water and minerals, and stores food made by photosynthesis.
List the characteristics of roots.
They are below ground, anchor plants, absorb water, oxygen, and minerals from soil, and stores food, such as glucose.
List the characteristics of shoots.
They are above ground, made of leaves and branches (leaves make food (glucose) through photosynthesis), and are involved in reproduction.
What do roots and shoots have in common?
They are both systems, made of cells and tissues, and contain vascular tissue (made of xylem and phloem).
What are the three major tissue systems?
Dermal, vascular, and ground.
What does each type of tissue system contain?
Specialized cells.
What is the dermal tissue?
The outer layer of the plant.
What are the two types of dermal tissues?
Epidermal (epidermis) - The thin layer of cells on the surface of the plant.
Periderm - When the epidermal layer is replaced by bark on stems and roots.
What does the function of the dermal tissue include?
Defense (e.g. stinging nettle hairs), water absorption (e.g. root hairs), and waterproofing (e.g. waxy cuticle on leaf).
