plant tissues

Question 1

name the two types of tissues

Answer 1

1. meristematic tissue

2. permanent tissue

Question 2

explain meristematic tissue

Answer 2

• they are actively dividing cell (mitosis)
• usually found at root and shoot tip (apical meristems )\
• responsible for increase in girt( thickness ) of root and stem
• these tissues eventually form permanent tissue

Question 3

what are permanent tissue

Answer 3

cells are not actively dividing for growth, only for repair

• have become structurally specialised to perform specific functions
• found throughout the plant body except in meristematic regions

Question 4

give example sof permeant tissue

Answer 4

1. simple ground tissue

2. complex tissue

Question 5

name the two types of complex tissue

Answer 5

epidermal (root stem leaves )

conducting tissue (phloem and xylem)

Question 6

list the three types of simple ground tissue

Answer 6

parenchyma
collenchyma
sclerenchyma

Question 7

what is the structure of parenchyma

Answer 7

Thin cell wall
Large vacuole
Round to oval inshape.
If Intercellular chloroplasts present then known as chlorenchyma.

Question 8

What is the function of parenchyma

Answer 8

Acts as packing tissue.

Stores water,sugar(infruit)an starch.

Intercellular air-spaces-allow the gases and water to pass through the tissue

Question 9

What is the structure of collenchyma

Answer 9

Similar to parenchyma cells
walls are unevenly thickened.
no intercellular air spaces
large vacuole

Question 10

What is the function of collenchyma

Answer 10

Act as supporting tissue,
in young stems and leaves.

Flexible -allows plant to bend without breaking

Question 11

What is the structure of sclerenchyma

Answer 11

Have evenly thickened cell walls impregnated with lignin.

Cells have no cell contents.

Question 12

What is the function of sclerenchyma

Answer 12

Provide mechanical support.

waterproof n strong due to lignin

thickened cells provide stength and support stem and roots

Question 13

Name the two types of complex epidermal tissues

Answer 13

Guard cells

root hair cell

Question 14

What is the structure of guard cell

Answer 14

. they have no intercellular air-spaces because they are tightly packed

cells which surround a pore are kidney shaped with chloroplasts and are known as guard cells

the tissue is covered by a cuticle which is waxy and transparent, and which serves to reduce the loss of water vapour

Question 15

What is the function of guard cell

Answer 15

Protects the inner tissues in a plant

Cuticles restrict water loss by evaporation and protect against infection by pathogens.

cuticle is transparent to allow sunlight ro pass through for photosynthesis

stomata in leaves allow for gases to enter and leave the plant.

lenticels in the stem allow gases to enter and leave the plant.

Question 16

What is the structure of root hair cell

Answer 16

No cuticle is present

Some epidermal cells, which are modified into root hair cells, have an elongated extension

Question 17

What is the function of root hair cells

Answer 17

modified epidermal cell sin root hair cells increase surface area to improve water absorption from thesoil.

Question 18

Name the two types of conduction tissues

Answer 18

Phloem a

Xylem

Question 19

What is the structure of phloem

Answer 19

Sieve tubes
Elongated, hollow cells joined end to end
Holes called pits are found on the end walls forming sieve plates
? No nucleus present

Companion Cells
? Found next to a sieve tube
? Has a large nucleus, in addition to other organelles

Question 20

What is the function of phloem

Answer 20

Phloem transports manufactured food in solution from the leaves to all parts of the plant

A companion cell controls the functioning of a sieve tube element.

Question 21

What is the structure of xylem

Answer 21

Xylem vessels
? consists of dead cells
elongated, hollow and joined end to end to form long tubes
? walls lignified with incomplete thickenings
cross walls are also perforated or absent (disintegrated) to allow for rapid movement of water

Tracheids
consists of dead cells
? long and tapered at both ends
walls are lignified with pits.

Question 22

What is the function of xylem

Answer 22

xylem transports absorbed water and mineral salts from the roots to the stem and leaves.

xylem tissue gives plants strength and flexibility.