Plants

Question 1

Cuticle

Answer 1

Waxy substance which covers the leaves; prevents water loss

Question 2

Epidermis

Answer 2

The outer layer of the leaf, provides a protective barrier for the tissues inside the leaf

Question 3

Stomata

Answer 3

The movement of gases in and out of the leaf occurs in the stomata, it is located on the underside of the leaf

Question 4

Guard Cells

Answer 4

Surrounds the stomata opening, specialized cells which swell and contract to control gas exchange

Question 5

Mesophyll

Answer 5

Tissue inside the leaf, made up of thin walled cells containing chloroplast

Question 6

Palisade Layer

Answer 6

A layer of densely packed, column shaped mesophyll cells in a plant leaf

Question 7

Spongy Layer

Answer 7

Layer of loosely spaced mesophyll cells in a leaf

Question 8

Xylem

Answer 8

Vascular tissue that conducts water and minerals from the roots to the leaves

Question 9

Phloem

Answer 9

Vascular tissue that transports carbohydrates from the leaves to other parts of the plant

Question 10

what are autotrophs?

Answer 10

Plants use sunlight in order to create their own food for energy. These types of organisms are called autotrophs.

Question 11

What is the type of leaf structure for Dicots and Monocots?

Answer 11

Monocots → narrow leaves with parallel vein pattern

Dicots → broad leaves and branching veins

Question 12

How do the vascular bundles in monocots and dicots differ?

Answer 12

Monocot stems have scattered vascular bundles. Dicot stems have their vascular bundles in a ring arrangement. Monocot stems have most of their vascular bundles near the outside edge of the stem. … Dicot roots have their xylem in the center of the root and phloem outside the xylem

Question 13

Tubers

Answer 13

grow underground and store food (potatoes)

Question 14

Bulbs

Answer 14

short stems surrounded by modified leaves; grow underground (tulips, onions and daffodils)

Question 15

Rhizome

Answer 15

thick, fleshy stems that grow on or below surface; develop roots to survive winter; buds grow in spring (irises, canna lilies, grass)

Question 16

what are the types of stems and what is their purpose?

Answer 16

Stems support the leaves and they transport water and sugars to various regions in the plant

Types of stems:
Herbaceous (Monocot & Dicot)

Woody (Dicot only)

Question 17

Seed structure

Answer 17

embryo : the young plant within the seed consisting of:
Epicotyl - will form the leaf of a new plant
Hypocotyl - will form the stem of the new plant
Radicle - will form the root of the new plant

Endosperm: food reserve
Cotyledon: serves as food for sprouting plant
Seed coat: outer wall for protection
Micropyle- a hole through the seed coat that water enters

Question 18

explain what happens during Germination

Answer 18

Gibberellin (a plant hormone) is released from the embryo into the rest of the seed
These hormones promote the formation of digestive enzymes that break down starch molecules in the seed
Increased sugar makes the seed hypertonic to the soil and water will enter vis osmosis
As seed swells, it will crack allowing oxygen to diffuse in
Radicle tip protrudes and begins to elongate
Root length occurs in the zone of elongation

Question 19

Auxins

Answer 19

Stimulate growth in stems - stimulates elongation of cells on shady side so stem bends toward ligh

Question 20

Gibberellins

Answer 20

Promote cell division and elongation in shoot tips and roots.
Play a major role in cell elongation during germination.

Question 21

Cytokinins

Answer 21

Stimulate rapid cell division, active during growth periods of plant life cycle

Question 22

Ethylene

Answer 22

Range of effects, and it interacts with other regulators for fruit ripening and aging.

Question 23

Abscisic Acid

Answer 23

An inhibitor - induces dormancy in seeds by inhibiting growth/
During dry conditions it causes the stomata to close

Question 24

Tropisms

Answer 24

Tropisms happen slowly, and orient plant parts to the resources it needs

Question 25

Phototropism

Answer 25

Movement in response to light
Shoots show positive phototropism
Cells in the shade elongate faster and further
Roots show negative phototropism

Question 26

Gravitropism

Answer 26

Movement in response to gravity
Roots show positive gravitropism
Stems show negative gravitropism

Question 27

Hydrotropism

Answer 27

response to water stimulus