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Biol 111 > Plants and Animals > Flashcards

Plants and Animals Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

Stems

A

Support leaves and link them with roots

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2
Q

Leaves

A

Primary site of photosynthesis

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3
Q

Shoots

A

Leaves and stems

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4
Q

Meristem

A

Region of active cell division

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5
Q

Shoot tip

A

The top of the stem, an apical meristem

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6
Q

Leteral bud

A

An apical meristem on the side of the plant

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7
Q

Phloem

A

Transports the compounds made during photosynthesis throughout the plant

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8
Q

Xylem

A

Carries H20 and Minerals up from the roots

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9
Q

What are the 2 main types of roots

A

Fibrous and Taproot

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10
Q

Fibrous roots

A

No central root

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11
Q

Taproot

A

A root system that contains a primary root and has lateral roots coming out from the sides

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12
Q

Root hairs

A

Small hairs on the end of roots that absorb the water and minerals from the soil

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13
Q

Root tip

A

The apical meristem of the root, where the growth happens

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14
Q

Root cap

A

Protects the apical meristem, thick cap.

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15
Q

Name the 3 main types of plasmids

A

Chloroplasts
Chromoplasts
Leucoplasts

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16
Q

Chromoplasts

A

a type of plastid, gives the plant yellow, orange, and red colors

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17
Q

Leucoplasts

A

A plastid that contains no pigment

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18
Q

Perrenial Plants

A

Plants that grow year after year

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19
Q

Name the 4 types of tissue

A

Epithelial Tissue - protective tissue
Nervous Tissue
Muscle Tissue
Connective Tissue

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20
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

Prottective tissue that acts as a defense against physical and infectious agents

Can either be a thin, mucus covered layer of cells or a thich, protein reinforced layer of dead cells

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21
Q

Nervous Tissue

A

Contains cells with ion channels that allow them to generate and trasmit electrcial signals

Come in many shapes and sizes

Example: Neuron

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22
Q

Muscle Tissue

A

Contains actin and myosin that allow cells to contract, provide movement to the body.

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23
Q

What are the names of the 2 proteins in muscle

Study These Flashcards
A

Actin and Myosin

24
Q

Connective Tissue

Study These Flashcards
A

Cells that form networks or layers in and around body structures

25
Explain how plants grow in length and in girth
Length: Primary growth - always happening, meristems are locations where cells are actively dividing, Girth: Secondary growth - results from cell growth in the lateral meristems
26
What are the functions of the two basic organ systems in plants and why do they make most plants immobile.
Shoots and Roots - the roots are anchored in the soil, meaning it cannot move anywhere
27
What is a scientific name
A two part name that precisely identifies the organism
28
What are the conventions for a scientific name
Whole thing italic, first word capitalized, second lowercase
29
What is a species concept
A way of defining a species
30
Biological Species Concept
A population of organisms that can breed and reproduce fertile offspring
31
Morphological Species Concept
A population of organisms with similar features/appearance
32
Phylogenetic Species Concept
Organisms that share a common ancestor
33
Genetic Species concept
Using modern bio technology to identify species by their individual genetics
34
Speciation
The formation of new species
35
Prezygotic Barrier
A barrier to inderbreeding that occurs before the breeding occurs, stops the animals from mating in the first place.
36
Postzygotic Barrier
A barrier to interbreeding that happens after egg fertilization.
37
Sympatric species
Two species that live in the same area
38
Allopatric species
Two species that do not occur in overlapping areas
39
How can mutations cause speciation
Sometimes a change in the DNA structure of one gene starts the formation of a species because these mutations can be passed through generations and this population can be increasingly restricted in its distribution, resulting in isolation from other animals in the same species that lack the mutation.
40
Divergent Selection
When the same species is spread over a large area and individuals start diverging in their use of resources.
41
Disruptive Selection
Specific genes mutating that create genetic isolation instead of genetic drift - very similar to mutations but involves multiple gene mutations instead of 1.
42
Hybridization
Hybrid offspring can create an entire new species
43
Interspecific competition
Competition for resources between species
44
Intraspecific competition
Competition for resources between members of the same species
45
Directional Selection
Natural selection that favours individuals on one end of the phenotypic spectrum
46
Stabilizing Selection
Natural selection that favours individuals in the middle of the phenotypic spectrum
47
Disruptive Selection
Natural selection that favours individuals at the extremes of the phenotypic spectrum
48
Phenotype
Set of observable characteristics of an indiviudal resulting from the interaction of their genotype with the environment
49
What does natural selection operate on
Phenotype
50
What are the upper and lower temperature limits for multicellular organisms
0 - 45 degrees celcius
51
Why can an organism not function above 45 degrees
The proteins and nucleic acid of the DNA starts to unfold (denature)
52
Freeze avoidance in plants
Antifreeze proteins bind to ice crystals, stopping their growth
53
Free tolerance in plants
The water in the plant is moved outside of the cell, where it can freeze, stopping damage to the cell due to freezing. Causes extreme cell dehydration
54
What is the key to freeze tolerance
Being able to tolerate severe dehydration
55
Heat Shock Proteins
Produced in response to cell stress such as heat or low oxygen. Binds to proteins and

Biol 111 (4 decks)

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