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Plants And Animals Flashcards

(99 cards)

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1
Q

What is a tissue?

A

A group of specialised cells

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2
Q

What is an organ?

A

A group of tissues

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3
Q

What is an organ system?

A

A group of organs

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4
Q

What is an organism?

A

A group of organs systems

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5
Q

Name the 3 types of tissues

A

Muscle tissue
Glandular tissue
Epithelial tissue

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6
Q

Which intestine is on the outside in a diagram?

A

Large intestine

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7
Q

What is the part of an enzyme where the substrate goes called?

A

Active site

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8
Q

The substrate is __________ to the active site

A

Complimentary

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9
Q

Enzymes are __________ ___________

A

Biological catalysts

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10
Q

Define catalyst

A

Something that makes something else faster

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11
Q

Is protein an enzyme or substrate?

A

Substrate

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12
Q

What controls the shape of an active site?

A

Amino acids

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13
Q

What happens when the substrate attaches to the active site?

A

The substrate breaks down

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14
Q

What two things can denature an enzyme?

A

High temperatures and unsuitable Ph

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15
Q

What is the average human body temperature?

A

37 degrees celcius

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16
Q

37 degrees celcius is an enzymes _______ temperature

A

Optimum

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17
Q

Why do enzymes speed up at higher (suitable) temperatures?

A

Thermal energy is converted into kinetic energy, making the substrate attach faster, and the enzyme break it down faster

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18
Q

Why is there epithelial tissue in the stomach?

A

The acid in the stomach would corrode the walls without it.

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19
Q

What do carbohydrases do?

A

Break down carbohydrates into sugars

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20
Q

Where are carbohydrases made?

A

In the salivary glands (mouth), small intestine and pancreas

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21
Q

Do carbohydrases prefer an alkaline or acidic pH?

A

Alkaline

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22
Q

What do proteases do?

A

Break down protein into amino acids

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23
Q

Where are proteases made?

A

Stomach, pancreas and small intestine

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24
Q

What is the pH of the stomach?

A

pH 2

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25
What is the pH of the small intestine?
pH 8
26
What do lipases do?
Break down fats into fatty acids and glycerol
27
Where are lipases made?
Pancreas and small intestine
28
How do enzymes in the small intestine not get denatured by the food (that is covered in stomach acid)
Bile neutralises the acid
29
What does amylase break down?
Starch
30
Explain two ways that bile helps break down fats
It emulsifies fats (increasing surface area) and neutralises stomach acid, making it the optimum pH for lipases
31
What do we use to test for starch?
Iodine
32
What do we use to test for glucose?
Benedicts solution and heat
33
What do we use to test for protein?
Biurets solution
34
What do we use to test for fats?
Ethanol (or Sudan III)
35
What is a negative result for starch?
Brown/orange
36
What is a negative result for glucose?
Blue
37
What is a negative result for protein?
Blue
38
What is a negative result for fats?
The solution remains clear
39
What is a positive result for starch?
Blue/black
40
What is a positive result for glucose?
Brick red
41
What is a positive result for protein?
Lilac
42
What is a positive result for fats?
A thin white precipitate
43
Name 3 substances transported by plasma
Glucose Salt CO2
44
Which side of the heart carries de-oxygenated blood?
Right (my left)
45
Which side of the heart carries oxygenated blood?
Left (my right)
46
What kind of blood does the pulmonary artery carry?
Deoxygenated
47
What kind of blood does the pulmonary vein carry?
Oxygenated
48
What kind of blood do arteries carry (except the pulmonary artery)
Oxygenated
49
What is the smallest blood vessel?
Capillary
50
What kind of blood do veins carry (except the pulmonary vein)
Deoxygenated
51
What are 3 features of a vein?
Valves Thin walls Less elastic (than arteries)
52
What are 3 features of an artery?
Thick walls Thick muscle tissue Thick elastic tissue
53
Name the biggest artery in the body
Aorta
54
Which blood vessel has the highest blood pressure?
Arteries
55
Which blood vessel has the lowest blood pressure?
Veins
56
Name the biggest vein in the body
Vena cava
57
How thick are capillaries?
1 cell thick
58
Why do arteries have thick walls?
Due to the high blood pressure
59
How is backflow prevented?
Valves in veins can close shut after blood goes through it
60
What happens in a capillary?
Molecules (such as oxygen) are exchanged
61
Which blood vessel has the smallest lumen?
Arteries
62
Which blood vessel has the biggest lumen?
Capillaries
63
What is the job of the xylem?
To transport water
64
What is the job of the phloem?
To transport sugar
65
What is the first layer on a leaf?
Waxy cuticle
66
Name the layers of the leaf in order (after waxy cuticle)
Epidermal tissue Palisade mesophyll Spongy mesophyll Lower epidermis
67
What's a disadvantage of having lots and lots of stomata?
There could be more water loss
68
What is transpiration?
The movement of water through the xylem
69
What is translocation?
The movement of sugar through the phloem
70
What happens when water reaches the leaves?
It evaporates, pulling more up
71
Why does the xylem have lignin?
For strength
72
What is the difference between a light and electron microscope?
A light microscope has a lower maximum magnification and resolution, however it doesn't need gold to use.
73
Why do you start on the lowest magnification?
To have a wider field of view
74
How do you increase magnification on a microscope?
Rotate the objective lens to a higher power
75
How do you get a clearer image on a microscope?
Turn the focus knob slowly
76
What do you need in the magnification RP?
Glass slide Onion Iodine Glass cover slip Microscope A light source
77
What should you watch out for in the magnification RP?
Creases and air bubbles in the slide
78
If you have 1 micrometer, how many millimetres do you have?
0.001
79
If you have 1 millimetre, how many micrometers do you have?
1000
80
Name 3 features of prokaryotes
Loose DNA or plasmid Flagellum to swim Ribosomes
81
How is DNA stored in a eukaryote?
In a nucleus
82
Which is smaller, prokaryotes or eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes
83
How do eukaryotes multiply?
Binary fision
84
Why don't prokaryotes have mitochondria?
It's too big
85
What is DNA stored as in a prokaryote?
A plasmid or loosely
86
Name 3 cons of stem cells
Slow process Ethical concern Tissue specific
87
What is the role of the waxy cuticle?
To stop water escaping
88
What is the role of the upper epidermis?
To protect and let light in for photosynthesis
89
What is the role of the stomata?
To let carbon dioxide in
90
What is the role of the guard cells?
To allow things in and out
91
What is the role of the lower epidermis?
To protect the leaf
92
What is the role of the spongy mesophyll?
Gas exchange
93
What is the role of the palisade mesophyll?
Photosynthesis
94
What is the role of the vascular bundle?
The xylem carries water, the phloem carries sugar
95
Name 5 uses of glucose
Respiration Proteins Starch Cellulose Fats
96
Why do plants need nitrogen?
To make protein
97
Why do plants need protein?
To grow
98
How do you test for carbon dioxide?
Limewater (cloudy means positive)
99
What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in plants?
Glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide

Biology (2 decks)

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