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Science 7 > Plants For Food And Fibre > Flashcards

Plants For Food And Fibre Flashcards

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1
Q

Why do leaves look green?

A

Because of a pigment called chlorophyll that reflects the colour green

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2
Q

Why is the structure of a plant important?

A

The structure of a plant helps it survive and reproduce in an environment

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3
Q

What is the issue with using plants as fuel?

A

It is cheap but a waste of energy/not energy efficient

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4
Q

What are the 5 ways plants are used by people?

A

1: Food
2: Fibres
3: Medicine
4: Transportation and Construction
5: Fuel

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5
Q

What is the anthers function?

A

To store and produce pollen

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6
Q

Describe taproot

A

A large central root that has branches coming off of it

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7
Q

What is cotton and what does it do?

A

It evaporates and absorbs moisture. It is also the world’s most important non-edible fibre plant

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8
Q

What are ovules in flowers?

A

The female reproductive cell

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9
Q

What is the stigma and what is its function?

A

It is the sticky lips of a flower that catches pollen

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10
Q

What is the pistil?

A

The female reproductive system

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11
Q

Describe cacti stems

A

Thin and small

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12
Q

Describe corms

A

Stems that grow underground but do not spread out

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13
Q

What is the sepal and what is its function?

A

The green underside of the flower that protects the bud

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14
Q

What are the 4 types of stems?

A

1: Horizontal
2: Cacti
3: Corms
4: Rhizomes

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15
Q

What are the 2 ways humans breed plants?

A

Selective breeding and genetic modification

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16
Q

What percentage of the world’s food supply comes from 7 major crops?

A

75%

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17
Q

What are the 3 ways people use plant fibres?

A

Clothes, paper and shelter

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18
Q

What is the ovary and what is its function inside of a flower?

A

It is the swollen base of the pistil that contains the ovules

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18
Q

What is the styles function?

A

To connect the stigma to the ovary

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19
Q

What are horizontal stems?

A

Stems that grow across the ground

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20
Q

What is respiration?

A

The nighttime process of making food for plants that swaps CO₂ and O₂

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21
Q

What are the big 3 types of fibres from plants?

A

Cotton
Hemp
Flax

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22
Q

What are the 5 ways seeds are dispersed?

A

1: Waterways
2: Fire
3: Wind
4: Bird droppings
5: Animal fur

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23
Q

What are the 3 ways people use plants for fuel?

A

Wood
Coal
Ethanol

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24
What are the 2 types of plant reproduction?
Sexual and asexual reproduction
25
What is required to make a plant grow?
Water Soil Nutrients
26
What is germination?
It is the growth/development of a seed into a new plant
27
Where does rubber come from?
Rubber trees and processed oils
28
What is flax and what does it do?
Flax is a food and fibre crop that makes a lot of stuff.
29
Describe fibrous root
Lots of same size roots at the bottom
30
How do people use plants as medicine?
7000 medicines contain ingredients made from plants. Herbal remedies are a common example
31
Describe sexual and asexual reproduction
Sexual - When 2 plants make a baby Asexual/Vegetative - When 1 plant clones itself to make an identical copy
32
When does pollination occur? Once a a plant is pollinated, what is formed?
Pollination is when pollen mixes with the ovules. Together they make a seed
33
What is osmosis?
A type diffusion where water moves across a semipermeable barrier. (The pushing of water into the roots)
34
What is the petal?
The brightly coloured part of a flower that attracts pollinators
35
Describe the 2 types of pollination
Self-pollination - When 1 plant pollinates itself Cross pollination - When 2 plants pollinate
36
What is photosynthesis, what does it use, and what does it make?
The daytime process of making food for plants. It uses CO₂ and makes sugar/glucose and O₂
37
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is when compounds move across barriers from high amounts to low amounts until they even out
38
What are the 3 functions of roots?
1: Stores food 2: Anchors the plant 3: Absorbs water and nutrients
39
Describe root hair
Tiny, thin, and for water
40
What are the 3 functions of stems?
1: Transport water from root to leaf 2: Supports leaves and flower 3: Stores food
41
What is the stamen?
The male reproductive system of a flower
42
What is transpiration?
When water exits the leaves of a plant by evaporation
43
Describe rhizomes
Stems that spread underground
44
What is a fruit and what is its function?
Fruits are the mature ovary of a flowering plant that protects and nourishes the seed
45
What are the 4 reasons humans breed plants?
1: Ability to withstand environments 2: Resistance to disease 3: How much food is produced (yield) 4: Appearance
46
What is the filament's function?
To hold up the anther
47
What is genetic modification?
Taking the DNA from 1 plant and putting it into another
48
What is hemp and is it good or bad for the environment?
Hemp is the oldest cultivated fibre plant. It is also pretty good for the environment
49
What are the 2 ways water moves in plants?
Osmosis - The pushing of water into the roots Transpiration - The pulling of water out of the plant
50
What is selective breeding?
Picking specific plants to breed certain offspring
51
Rubber is one of the most important plant products. True or false?
True
52
Flowers are the _____________ parts of most plants
Flowers are the reproductive parts of most plants
53
What are the 4 traditional types of vegetative (asexual) reproduction?
1: Cuttings 2: Layering 3: Grafting 4: Fragmentation
54
What is dispersal?
Dispersal is the transportation of seeds away from the parent plant
55
Where does photosynthesis occur?
In the leaves of a plant
56
Where does transpiration occur?
In the leaves
57
What is the function of the leaves?
The main function of leaves in plants is photosynthesis, where they convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into food (sugars) for the plant
58
What is organic food?
Plants that are grown without chemical fertilizers
59
What are the 2 problems associated with using chemicals to kill pests?
Bioaccumulation - A little bit of poison that kills pests will build up as we move up the food chain Killing species we didn't intend to
60
What are the 3 ways that pests are controlled?
Biological controls Pesticides Herbicides
61
What are introduced species? What if they have no natural predators?
They are species that are not common in an area that are usually brought to kill pests. If it has no natural predators, it will overrun the area
62
What are pests?
Any species that humans find harmful or annoying
63
What is hydroponic technology and why is it useful?
Using machines to grow plants without dirt. This is useful for when we have no dirt or it is bad quality
64
What is the difference between salty soil and soil erosion? How do we solve these problems?
Salty soil is soil that is salty. Caused by not enough plants and too much water. Solution: Plant more plants. Soil erosion is when soil moves away. It is caused by over-farming, and wind and water move it. Solution(s): Leave the plants roots + crop rotation
65
What are the 6 nutrients healthy plants require?
Nitrogen Sulfur Phosphorous Calcium Magnesium Potassium
66
Do plants need the same amount of nutrients?
No, they do not. While they need all six, they need different amounts. (This allows us to rotate crops)
67
What are the 4 key decomposers and what do they do?
Bacteria and Fungi - Break down organisms and return them as nutrients Microscopic Actinomycetes - Help create humus Earthworms - Eat organisms and dirt then poop out good soil
68
What is humus?
Healthy, nutrient rich, top soil that is dark coloured
69
What are the 5 main factors that affect how soil develops?
Parent Material Vegetation Climate Landscape Time
70
What are the 2 global problems that are a result of farming?
Erosion and Desertification
71
What are the 7 steps in harvesting trees?
Plan the cut Build a road Cut the trees down Drag them to a central load area Go to the saw mill Prepare for reforestation Reforestation
72
What is crop rotation?
Changing crops every couple of years to not drain the nutrients and destroy the soil
73
What is monoculture?
It is when farms have ONE crop at a time
74
What is irrigation?
Using sprinklers and pipes to water crops
75
What are the 3 modern farming practices we use?
Irrigation, Monoculture, and Crop Rotation
76
What is sustainability?
Balancing using the environment and keeping it healthy

Science 7 (4 decks)

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