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RUSVM toxicology plants > Plants (no pictures) > Flashcards

Plants (no pictures) Flashcards

1
Q

Periwinkle

(Cathanranthus roseus; vinca roseus)

A

Cardiac glycosides

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2
Q

Kaffir lily, caffir lily

(Clivia spp.)

A

Lycorine

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3
Q

Skunk cabbage

(Sympolocarpus foetidus)

A

Insoluble calcium oxalate

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4
Q

Precatory bea

(Abrus precatorius)

A

Lectin (phytotoxin, toxalbumin)

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5
Q

Pride of barbados

(Caesalpinia spp.)

A

Tannic acid (tannin)

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6
Q

Violets

(Viola spp.)

A

Nitropropanol glycosides

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7
Q

St. John’s wort

(Hypericum perforatum)

A

Quinone

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8
Q

Grass family

(Panicum spp.)

A

Steroidal saponins

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9
Q

Lily of the valley

(Convallaria majalis)

A

Cardiac glycosides

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10
Q

Jack-in-the-pulpit

(Arisaema triphyllum)

A

Insoluble calcium oxalate

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11
Q

Japenese yew

(Taxus spp.)

A

Taxine alkaloids

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12
Q

Lantana, yellow sage

(Lantana camara)

A

Titerpene acid

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13
Q

Chenille plant, cat plant

(Acalypha hispida)

A

Diterpene esters

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14
Q

Oleander

(Nerium oleaner)

A

Cardiac glycosides

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15
Q

Buckwheat

(fagopyrun esculentum)

A

Quinone

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16
Q

Arrowhead vine, Nephthytis

(Syngonium podophyllum)

A

Insoluble calcium oxalate

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17
Q

River lily

(Crinum bulbispermum)

A

Lycorine

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18
Q

Rhododendron, Azalea

(Rhododendron spp.)

A

Grayanotoxins

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19
Q

Flamingo plant

(Anthurium spp.)

A

Insoluble calcium oxalate

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20
Q

Squill

(Ureginea maritima)

A

Cardiac glycosides

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21
Q

Yellow oleander, lucky nut, Be-still tree

(Thevetia peruviana)

A

Cardiac glycosides

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22
Q

Red Maple

(Acer rubrum)

A

Unknown toxin in dried leaves

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23
Q

Ponderosa pine

(Pinus ponderosa)

A

Isocupressic acid

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24
Q

Johnsongrass, Sudan grass, Sorghum

(Sorghum spp.)

A

Cyanogenic glycosides Nitrate Selenium

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25
Q

Candelabra “cactus”

(Euphorbia lacta)

A

Diterpene esters

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26
Q

Horsebrush

(Tetradymia spp)

A

Tetradymol

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27
Q

Pencil tree

(Euphorbia tirucalli)

A

Diterpene esters

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28
Q

Autumn crocus, meadow saffron

(Colchicum autumnale)

A

Colchine

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29
Q

Wheat

(Triticum aestivum)

A

Nitrate

Moldy: forage-induced photosensitization

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30
Q

Hembane

(Hyoscyamus spp.)

A

Tropane alkaloids (atropine, hyoscine, hyoscyamine)

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31
Q

Chinese lantern

(Physalis spp.)

A

Solanine and Solanidine alkaloids

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32
Q

Beargrass

(Noline spp.)

A

Steroidal saponins

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33
Q

Japanese pieris, Mountain pieris

(Pieris spp.)

A

Grayanotoxins

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34
Q

Tomato

(Lycopersicon lycopersicon)

A

Solanine and Solanidine alkaloids

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35
Q

Elderberry

(Sambucus canadensis)

A

Cyanogenic glycosides

Cyanide accumulation

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36
Q

Buckthorn

(Rhamnus spp.)

A

Anthraquinone

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37
Q

Dumcane varieties

(Dieffenbachia spp.)

A

Insoluble calcium oxalate

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38
Q

Grapevine

(Vitis spp.)

A

Grapes and raisins (unknown)

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39
Q

Coontie

(Zamia pulmila)

A

Cycasin

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40
Q

Paintbrush

(Castilleja spp.)

A

Selenium

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41
Q

Agave

(Agave lechugilla)

A

Steroidal saponins

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42
Q

Poisonous mushroom

(Amanita muscaria)

A

Muscarine

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43
Q

Day-blooming jessamine

(Cestrum diurnum)

A

Calcinogenic glycosides (vit D analog)

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44
Q

Alocacia, elephant’s ear

(Alocacia spp.)

A

Insoluble calcium oxalate

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45
Q

Dog hobble, Dog laurel, Black laurel

(Leucothoe spp.)

A

Grayanotoxins

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46
Q

Black locust

(Rhobina pseudoacacia)

A

Lectin (phytotoxin, toxalbumin)

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47
Q

Anemone, ranunculus, clematis, hellborus

(buttercup family)

A

Protoanemonin

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48
Q

Black walnut

(Juglans nigra)

A

Black walnut

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49
Q

Greasewood

(Sarcobatus vermiculatus)

A

Soluble oxalate

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50
Q

Mustards

(Brassica spp.)

A

Dimethyl disulfide

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51
Q

Cottonseed

(Gossypium spp.)

A

Gossypol

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52
Q

Mountain laurel, Sheep laurel, Sheepkill

(Kalmia spp.)

A

Grayanotoxins

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53
Q

Jimsonweed, Thornapple, Angel’s trumpet

(Datura stramonium)

A

Tropane alkaloids (atropine, hyoscine, hyoscyamine)

Mechanical injury from seed pods

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54
Q

Lotus

(Lotus spp.)

A

Nitropropanol glycoside

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55
Q

Lilies

(Lilium spp.)

A

Unknown toxin (lily toxin)

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56
Q

Alfalfa

(Medicago sativa)

A
  • Phytoestrogens
  • Selenium
  • Nitrate
  • Triterpenoid sapnoins
  • Moldy: forage-induced photosensitization
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57
Q

Monkshade, aconite

(Aconitum spp.)

A

Diterpene alkaloids

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58
Q

Corn, maize

(Zea mays)

A

Nitrate

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59
Q

Glory lily, climbing lily

(Gloriosa superb)

A

Colchine

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60
Q

Cuckoo-pint

(Arum maculatum)

A

Insoluble calcium oxalate

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61
Q

Poinsettia

(Euphorbia pulcherrima)

A

Diterpene esters

62
Q

Tobacco

(Nicotiana tabaccum)

A

Piperdine alkaloids

Pyridine alkaloids

63
Q

Coral plant

(Jatropha multifida)

A

Lectin (phytotoxin, toxalbumin)

64
Q

Saltbrush

(Atriplex spp.)

A

Selenium

65
Q

Coyote tobacco

(Nicotiana attenuata)

A

Piperdine alkaloids

66
Q

Milkvetches

(Osytropis spp.)

A
  • Indolizidine alkaloids (swainsonine)
  • Nitropropanol glycoside
  • Selenium
67
Q

Aloe

(Aloe vera)

A

Anthraquinone

68
Q

Castor bean

(Ricinus communis)

A

Lectin (phytotoxin, toxalbumin)

69
Q

Crown of thorns

(Euphorbia milli var splendens)

A

Diterpene esters

70
Q

Philodendron varieties

(Philodendron spp.)

A

Insoluble calcium oxalate

71
Q

Onion, Garlic, Shallots, Chives, Leek

(Allium spp.)

A

Propyl disulfide

72
Q

Monterey cypress

(Cupressus macrocarpus)

A

Isocupressic acid

73
Q

Eggplant

(Solanum melongena)

A

Solanine and Solanidine alkaloids

74
Q

Sweet clover

(Melilotus officinalis)

A

Coumarin glycosides

Copper Nitrate

75
Q

Avocado

(Persea americana)

A

Avocado

76
Q

Sago palm

(Cycas circinalis)

A

Cycasin

77
Q

Rattlebox, crotolaria

(Crotolaria spp.)

A

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids

78
Q

Wild cherries

(Prunus spp.)

A

Cyanogenic glycosides

79
Q

Lakspur, Delphinium

(Delphinium spp.)

A

Diterpene alkaloids

80
Q

Rape seed, kale, broccoli, brussel sprouts, cabbage, turnip, cauliflower

(Brassica spp.)

A

Glucosinolate (thiocynate glycoside)

81
Q

Soybean

(Glycine spp)

A

Glucosinolate (thiocynate glycoside)

Lectin

82
Q

American nightshade

(Solanum americanum)

A

Solanine and Solanidine alkaloids

83
Q

Sorrel and soursop

(Oxalis spp.)

A

Soluble oxalate

84
Q

Sandbox tree

(Hura crepitans)

A

Diterpene esters

Lectin (phytotoxin, toxalbumin)

85
Q

Coffee

(Coffee arabica)

A

Xanthine alkaloids (caffeine, theophylline, theobromide)

86
Q

Flax

(Linum spp.)

A

Glucosinolate (thiocynate glycoside)

87
Q

Alsike clover

(Trifolium hybridum)

A

Alsike clover and red clover

Copper

88
Q

Purslane

(Portulacca aleracea)

A

Soluble oxalate

89
Q

Fishtail palm

(Caryota mitis)

A

Insoluble calcium oxalate

90
Q

Cocklebur

(Xanthium strumarium)

A

Carboxyatractyloside (sulfated glycosides)

Mechanical injury from seed pods

91
Q

Rhubarb

(Rheum rhaponiticum)

A

Soluble oxalate

92
Q

Kallanchoe

(Kallanchoe spp.)

A

Cardiac glycosides

93
Q

Yellow Starthistle and Russian Knapweed

(Centaurea solstitialis and Acroptilon/centaurea repens)

A

Unknown toxin; equine nigropallidal encephalomalacia

94
Q

Zephyr lily, rain lily

(Zephyranthes spp.)

A

Lycorine

95
Q

English holly, Christmas holly

(Ilex aquifolium)

A

Triterpenoid sapnonins

96
Q

Black nightshade

(Solanum niger)

A

Solanine and Solanidine alkaloids

97
Q

Marijuana

(Cannabis sativa)

A

Resin or resinoids

98
Q

Cascara sagrada

(Rhamnus purshiana)

A

Anthraquinone

99
Q

American holly

(Ilex opaca)

A

Titrepenoid sapnonins

100
Q

Angel’s trumpet

(Brugmansia candida)

A

Tropane alkaloids (atropine, hyoscine, hyoscyamine)

101
Q

Caladium varieties

(Caladium spp.)

A

Insoluble calcium oxalate

102
Q

Maleberry, Fetterbush, Staggerbush

(Lyonia spp.)

A

Grayanotoxins

103
Q

Pigweed

(Amaranthus retroflexus)

A
  • Soluble oxalate
  • Nitrate
  • Unknown toxin (causing renal tubular damage in ruminants, pigs, and horses)
104
Q

Beet

(Beta vulgaris)

A

Soluble oxalate

Nitrate

105
Q

Cardboard palm

(Zamia furfuraceae)

A

Cycasin

106
Q

Chalice vine

(Solandra guttota)

A

Solanine and Solanidine alkaloids

107
Q

Aster

(Aster spp.)

A

Selenium

108
Q

Coffee weed, senna

(Senna accidentalis)

A

Anthraquinone

Senna

109
Q

Turkey Berry

(Solanum torvum)

A

Solanine and Solanidine alkaloids

Calcinogenic glycosides (vit D analog)

110
Q

Barbados lily, fire lily

(Hippeastrum spp.)

A

Lycorine

111
Q

Croton

(Codiaeum variegatum)

A

Diterpene esters

112
Q

Princess’s plume

(Stanlyea spp.)

A

Selenium

113
Q

Sicklepod

(Senna obtusifolia)

A

Senna (unknown)

114
Q

Milkweed

(Asclepias spp.)

A

Cardiac glycosides

Resin or resinoids

115
Q

Umbrella tree

(Schefflera spp.)

A

Insoluble calcium oxalate

116
Q

Physicnut

(Jatropha curcas)

A

Diterpene esters

117
Q

English ivy, Common ivy

(Hendra helix)

A

Titerpenoid sapnonins

118
Q

Devil’s trumpet

(Datura metel)

A

Tropane alkaloids (atropine, hyoscine, hyoscyamine)

119
Q

Pothos, Dvil’s Ivy

(Epipremnum spp.)

A

Insoluble calcium oxalate

120
Q

Wild physicnut

(Jatropha gossypifolia)

A

Diterpene esters

121
Q

Peace lily

(Spathiphyllum spp.)

A

Insoluble calcium oxalate

122
Q

Lamb’s quarters

(Chenopodium album)

A

Soluble oxalate

Nitrate

123
Q

Halogeton

(Halogeton spp.)

A

Soluble oxalate

124
Q

Oats

(Avena sativa)

A

Nitrate

125
Q

Locoweed

(Atragalus spp.)

A

Indolizidine alkaloids (swainsonine)

126
Q

Narcissus

(Narcissus spp.)

A

Lycorine

127
Q

Indigo

(Indigofera spp.)

A

Nitropropanol glycoside

128
Q

Spider lily

(Hymenocallis caribaea)

A

Lycorine

129
Q

Red clover

(Trifolium pratense)

A

Alsike clover and red clover

Copper

130
Q

Subterranean clover

(Trifolium subterraneum)

A

Phytoestrogens

Copper

131
Q

Foxglove

(Digitalis purpurea)

A

Cardiac glycosides

132
Q

Senecio, Groundsel, Ragwort

(Senecio spp.)

A

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids

133
Q

Chinese evergreen (Aglanema spp.)

A

Insoluble calcium oxalate

134
Q

Pokeweed, inkberry

(Phytolacca americana)

A

Titerpenoid saponins

135
Q

Cocoa

(Theobroma cocao)

A

Xanthine alkaloids (caffeine, theophylline, theobromide)

136
Q

Cutleaf philodendron, Swiss cheese plant

(Monstera deliciosa)

A

Insoluble calcium oxalate

137
Q

Ergot

(Claviceps purpurea)

A

Ergot alkaloid

138
Q

Tree tobacco

(Nicotiana gluca)

A

Piperdine alkaloids

Pyridine alkaloids

139
Q

Lobelia

(Lobelia spp.)

A

Pyridine alkaloids

140
Q

Day lily

(Hemerocallis spp.)

A

Unknown toxin (lily toxin)

141
Q

Poison hemlock, Spotted hemlock, California or Nebraska fern

(Conium maculatum)

A

Piperdine alkaloids

142
Q

Horsetail

(Equisetum hyemale)

A

Thiaminase

143
Q

Chinaberry

(Melia azedarrach)

A

Meliatoxin

Resin or resinoids

144
Q

Sunflower

(Helianthus annus)

A

Nitrate

145
Q

Goldenwood

(Onopsis spp.)

A

Selenium

146
Q

White clover

(Trifolium repens)

A

Phytoestrogens

Copper

147
Q

Calla lily, Arum lily

(Zantedeschia oethiopica)

A

Insoluble calcium oxalate

148
Q

Woody aster

(Xylorrhiza spp.)

A

Selenium

149
Q

Japanese cycad

(Cycas revoluta)

A

Cycasin

150
Q

Bracken fern, brake fern

(Pteridium aquilinum)

A

Ptaquiloside

Thiaminase

151
Q

Lupines

(Lupinus spp.)

A

Piperdine alkaloids

152
Q

Oak tree

(Quercus spp.)

A

Tannic acid (tannin)

RUSVM toxicology plants (3 decks)

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