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POM 1a - Haematology > Plasma > Flashcards

Plasma Flashcards

1
Q

What is plasma?

A

Liquid component of blood

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2
Q

What is the buffy coat?

A

Consists of leukocytes and platelets ≅1% of blood

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3
Q

What is serum?

A

Plasma minus the clotting factors

Blood taken into tube without anticoagulant —> allowed to clot and then centrifuged

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4
Q

What do serum separator tubes have?

A

Silica coating —> induces clotting

Layer of gel forming a physical barrier between cells and serum

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5
Q

Which is quicker to prepare plasma or serum?

A

Plasma but serum is a cleanser sample

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6
Q

What are our 4 main fluid compartments?

A

Intracellular

Interstitial fluid

Transcellular fluid

Plasma

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7
Q

What are the functions of plasma?

A

Clotting

Immune defence

Osmotic pressure maintenance

Metabolism

Endocrine

Excretion

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8
Q

What is plasmas function in clotting?

A

CF and VWFs

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9
Q

What is plasmas function in immune defence?

A

Antibodies and compliment factors are found in plasma

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10
Q

What is plasmas function in I osmotic pressure maintenance?

A

Proteins such albumin help maintain colloidal osmotic pressure

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11
Q

What is plasmas role in metabolism?

A

Nutrients such as glucose, amino acids and vitamins are transported in the plasma

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12
Q

What is plasmas role in endocrine?

A

Many hormones are soluble in plasma and following release into the blood travel to their target organs

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13
Q

What is plasmas role in excretion?

A

Waste products of cell metabolism such as urea are transported via the plasma fraction of the blood to the kidneys fro removal

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14
Q

What are the 2 main types of plasma proteins?

A

Serum albumin

Globulins
- alpha 1
- alpha 2
- beta 1
- beta 2
- gamma

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15
Q

Where is serum albumin produced?

A

Liver

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16
Q

What are some key functions of serum albumin?

A

Transport of lipids, hormones and ions

Main thing osmotic pressure of plasma

17
Q

Where are alpha 1 globulins produced?

A

Liver

18
Q

What do alpha 1 globulins do?

A

Inhibit proteases

Protects tissues from variety of enzymes —> neutrophil elastase which is released by neutrophils during inflammation

19
Q

What does a defective or deficient alpha-1-antitrypsin cause?

A

Compromise the lung —> degradation of lung tissue leads to a loss of elasticity and respiratory problems

20
Q

Whats does the alpha 2 globulin, haptoglobin do?

A

Binds to haemoglobin released from erythrocytes —> resulting haptoglobin-Haemoglobin complex removed by spleen

21
Q

What does measuring levels of haptoglobin inform us of?

A

Haemolytic anaemia

22
Q

What does the alpha 2 globulin, macroglobulin do?

A

Broadly active protease inhibitor —> inactivate fibrinolysis

23
Q

Where is the beta globulin transferrin generated?

A

Liver

24
Q

What does transferrin do?

A

Role in transportation of iron

25
Q

Two examples of beta globulins

A

Compliment proteins C3 and C4

Transferrin

26
Q

Two examples of gamma globulins

A

Immunoglobulins

C-reactive protein

27
Q

What does an increase in the relative amount of gamma globulins indicate?

A

Infection or myeloma

28
Q

What electrolytes are found in plasma?

A

Na+

K+

Ca2+

Mg2+

Cl-

29
Q

How is plasma used for biomarkers?

A

Plasma and serum provide an easy to obtain clinical specimen —> can be subjected to lab tests for diagnostic purposes

Elevated levels of some key molecules —> biomarker for disease

30
Q

How is plasma used in passive immunotherapy?

A

Immunoglobulins found in the gamma globulin fraction can be used to transfer immunity from one individual to another

31
Q

How can plasma be a potential COVID-19 therapeutic?

A

Patients infected w/ SARS-CoV-2 develop antibodies against the virus

After patients has recovered —> blood donated to obtain antibody-rich plasma

Plasma tested for strength and number of antibodies

If levels are fine —> plasma given to patient infected with COVID-19

POM 1a - Haematology (6 decks)

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