Plasma Proteins

Question 1

1. Main difference between plasma and serum?
2. Plasma, the liquid medium of blood is what percent?
3. The packed volume or hematocrit?
4. Total volume of blood in adult?
5. Total concentration of plasma protein?

Answer 1

1. Serum doesnot have fibrinogen and other clotting factors
2. 55-60%
3. 45%
4. 4.5-5 litres
5. 6-8g/dl

Question 2

1. Plasma proteins are separated by which methods?
2. The buffer used in electrophoresis?
   Plasma proteins separate into?
   Concentration of fraction can be estimated by?

Answer 2

1. Salting out process
   (By Ammonium sulfate
   Sodium sulfate)—-into:
   • albumin
   •Globulin
   •Fibrinogen

Biuret method
Total serum protein estimation

Bromocresol Green Method (BCG)
Serum albumin

2. Veronal buffer (pH= 8.6)
   5 distinct bands:
   Albumin
   a1
   a2
   B
   y-globulins

–densitometer

Question 3

1. What is kawashiorkor?
   The symptoms of kawashiorkor are attributed to?
2. Albumin contributes to how much of osmotic pressure?
3. Decrease in albumin leads to?
4. Half-life of albumin?
5. Liver function can be assesssed by?

Answer 3

1.Kwashiorkor is a severe form of malnutrition caused by a lack of protein in the diet.
—symotom: edema
—reduced plasma albumin

2. 75-80% of the total osmotic pressure
   Thus maintain blood volume
3. Fluid retention—- edema
4. 20 days
5. Serum albumin concentration

Question 4

1. Liver produces how much albumin per day?
2. Major constituent of plasma proteins?
   Molecular weight??
3. How many polypeptide chains in albumin? Amino acids? Disulfide bonds?
4. Plasma conc. Of
   Albumin
   Total globulins
5. Normal albumin/Globulin ratio?

Answer 4

1. 12 g
   (25% of total hepatic protein synthesis)
2. Albumin (60%)
   Weight—69,000
3. Single polypeptide chain
   585 amino acids
   17 disulfide bonds
4. Albumin—-3.5-5 g/dl
   Total globulins—-2.5-3.5 g/dl
5. 1.2 to 1.5 : 1
   (Decreased when albumin lowered
   Or. Globulin is raised)

Question 5

1. Which plasma protein has the maximum buffering capacity?
2. What is ceruloplasmin?
   What kind of activity does it possess?
3. Binds to how many atoms of copper?
4. Major supplier of copper to tissues is?

Answer 5

1. Albumin
2. Blue coloured , copper containing a2-globulin
   —oxidase activity
3. 6 atoms (90% copper)
4. Albumin carrying 10% plasma copper

Question 6

1. What is transferrin?
   Its levels in iron deficiency and nephrotic syndrome?
2. What are negative acute phase proteins?
3. Major component of acute phase protein involved in the promotion of immune system thru complement cascade?
4. Risk of coronary heart disease can be predicted by high level of?

Answer 6

1. A glycoprotein transporter of iron
   Increased level—Iron deficieny anemia
   Decreased level— nephrotic syndrome
2. Albumin & transferrin
   (Synthesis is decreased)
3. C-reactive protein (CRP)
4. Inc. Levels of high sensitivity CRP (1-3mg/dl)

Question 7

1. Protein C is a ______activated by? And it inhibits?
2. What is warfarin?
   Reduces synthesis of which factors?
3. Ca2+ ions inhibiting factors that are effective as anticoagulants?
4. Von willebrand disease is characterized by?
   And is due to defect of?
5. Christmas disease is deficiency of factor?
   Hemophilia A is deficiency of?
6. Stuart factor is which factor?
   Proconvertin is which factor?
   Fibrin stabilizing factor
   is which factor?

Answer 7

1. Anticoagulant in plasma
   -by thrombin
   - inactivates
   •Factor V (5)
   •Factor VIII (8)
2. Vitamin K antagonist
   Oral anticoagulant
   - factors:
   II (2)
   VII (7)
   IX (9)
   X (10)
3. Oxalate
   Fluoride
   EDTA
   Citrate
4. Failure of platelets to aggregate
5. Christmas disease—-factor IX

Hemophilia A—-factor VII

6. Stuart factor—-factor X
   Proconvertin —-factor VII
   Fibrin stabilizing factor—-factor XIII