plate tectonics 2

Question 1

what are the 3 types of plate boundaries

Answer 1

1. divergent boundaries
2. convergent boundaries
3. transform plate boundaries

Question 2

what are divergent boundaries

Answer 2

the formation of new lithosphere
most often found in ocean ridges

Question 3

what are the 3 types of convergent boundaries

Answer 3

1. oceanic - oceanic (ocean trench)
2. oceanic - continental (subduction zone)
3. continental - continental (mountains)

Question 4

what are the causes of convergent boundaries

Answer 4

deformation
volcanism
metamorphism
earthquakes

Question 5

what are transform plate boundaries

Answer 5

plates sliding along each other

Question 6

how do plate tectonics play a role in the rock cycle

Answer 6

1. mountain erode, making sediment
2. sediments are transported, buried lithified
3. earths heat and pressure melts material making igneous rocks
4. sedimentary and igneous rock are altered making metamorphic rocks

Question 7

what is uniformitarianism

Answer 7

states that laws of nature have not changed through time, and all the things happen now also happened in the past

Question 8

what is actualism

Answer 8

applying modern processes to ancient systems

Question 9

what is stratigraphy

Answer 9

branch of geology that is focused on the composition, origin, age, relationships of layer rocks

Question 10

what are the names of Steno’s 3 principles

Answer 10

1. principle of superposition
2. principle of original horizontality
3. principle of original lateral continuity

Question 11

what does the principle of superposition state

Answer 11

oldest strata are the bottom undisturbed followed by new younger sequences of strata

Question 12

what does the principle of original horizontality state

Answer 12

all strata are horizontal when they first form

Question 13

what does the principle of original lateral continuity state

Answer 13

strata originally are unbroken flat expanses

Question 14

what is the cross-cutting relationship rule

Answer 14

when igneous rocks go through something they are always younger than the rock they invade

Question 15

what do inclusions and components in rocks mean

Answer 15

rock fragments within another rock are always older than the whole rock itself

Question 16

what are the 3 different types of unconformities

Answer 16

1. angular unconformity
2. disconformity
3. nonconformity

Question 17

what does it mean when there are unconformities

Answer 17

there was a pretty long time when there was much more erosion happening than deposition

Question 18

how does a angular disconformity look

Answer 18

bottom layer is tilted to the side

Question 19

how does a disconformity look

Answer 19

both layers of rock are straight

Question 20

how does nonconformity look

Answer 20

two separate layers of different rock types