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Geology > rock cycle > Flashcards

rock cycle Flashcards

1
Q

what is a mineral

A

naturally occurring inorganic crystalline solids that have a particular chemical composition

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2
Q

what is a rock

A

interlocking or bonded grains of minerals

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3
Q

what is an outcrop/exposure

A

exposed rock surfaces

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4
Q

what are silicate rocks

A

made of silica
1/3 of all rocks
90% of earth crust

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5
Q

what are examples of silicate rocks

A

quartz and pottassium

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6
Q

what are carbonate rocks

A

made of carbonate minerals
calcite is main component of animal shells and skeletons

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7
Q

what is an example of carbonate rock

A

Limestone

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8
Q

What classifies as Igneous rocks

A

Aphanitic and phaneritic rocks

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9
Q

what are aphanitic rock

A

rapid cooling
volcanic (extrusive):outside

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10
Q

what are phaneritic rocks

A

slow cooling
plutonic (intrusive): inside

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11
Q

examples of aphanitic rocks

A

rhyolite, andesite, basalt, komatiite

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12
Q

example of phaneritic rocks

A

granite, diorite, gabbro, peridotite

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13
Q

how are sedimentary rocks formed

A

weathering (breaking down) and erosion (transportation)

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14
Q

what are sedimentary rocks compacted of

A

plant and animal remains

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15
Q

what are the processes of Lithification

A
  1. sediments accumulate
  2. sediments get compacted by weight
  3. sediments are cemented by minerals
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16
Q

what are the 3 types of sedimentary rocks

A
  1. Detrital sedimentary rock
  2. Chemical sedimentary rock
  3. Biochemical sedimentary rock
17
Q

what are detrital sedimentary rocks

A

composed of clasts - fragments that came from pre-existing rocks

18
Q

what is an example of detrital sedimentary rocks

A

Sandstone

19
Q

what are chemical and biochemical sedimentary rocks

A

minerals that were extracted from solution by inorganic chemical processes or organisms

20
Q

what is a example of chemical and biochemical sedimentary rocks

A

limestone

21
Q

what are the 3 branches of rocks

A

Igneous
sedimentary
metamorphic

22
Q

how do metamorphic rocks form

A

when igneous and sedimentary rocks are put under heat and pressure

23
Q

what are the 3 types of metamorphic changes of a rock

A
  1. Compositional
  2. Textural
  3. Foliated
24
Q

what happens when a metamorphic rock is compositional

A

new minerals are formed

25
Q

what happens when a metamorphic rock is textural

A

minerals are aligned

26
Q

what happens when a metamorphic rock is foliated

A

it is a combination of compositional and textural changes

27
Q

what caused metamorphism

A

heat
lithostatic pressure - deep in earth
differential pressure - uneven pressure
fluid activity

28
Q

types of metamorphism

A

regional metamorphism
dynamic metamorphism
contact metamorphism

29
Q

what is regional metamorphism

A

Large areas that are deep in earth

30
Q

what is dynamic metamorphism

A

faults - rocks sliding against each other

31
Q

what is contact metamorphism

A

high heat due to magma

Geology (11 decks)

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