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Blood Bank 2: Summer 2024 > Platelets/Granulocytes > Flashcards

Platelets/Granulocytes Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

Platelet normal value

A

150,000-350,000/ul

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2
Q

What platelet conc may cause spontaneous hemorrhage?

A

Plt < 10,000/ul

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3
Q

What platelet conc can minimize hemorrhage during surgery?

A

Plt > 50,000/ul

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4
Q

Platelet roles in hemostasis

A
  1. Platelet plug
  2. Stabilize plug by fibrin formation
  3. Maintenance of vascular integrity
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5
Q

Why transfuse platelets?

A
  • To increase platelet count
  • Prophylactically for oncology/chemo pts
  • If patients plts not functioning (PFA test)
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6
Q

Refractory

A

Failure to achieve acceptable plt count following plt transfusion

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7
Q

Efficacy calculation

A

Clinical count increment (CCI)

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8
Q

Why are platelets sensitive?

A
  • Must be rocked or they will die bc need oxygen transfer in bag to maintain pH
  • Jostling too hard or overheating will activate them and then they will die
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9
Q

What happens when platelet activates during storage?

A
  • ATP released
  • Plts aggregate
  • Increase glucose consumption/lactic acid conc
  • Decrease pH, plts swell
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10
Q

Platelet storage conditions

A

20-24°C
room temp

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11
Q

How does cold storage affect platelet viability?

A

Irreversible spherical shape change

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12
Q

Platelet expiration date

A
  • 5 days post-collection
  • Increased chance of bacterial contamination at storage, length of time, pH
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13
Q

Platelet additive solution (PAS)

A

Reduces plasma stored with platelets up to 60% (less transfusion reaction)

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14
Q

7-day platelets must be tested for _____

A

Must be tested for bacterial contamination on day of transfusion

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15
Q

How to store frozen platelets?

A

DMSO stored up to 2 yrs, 33% viable

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16
Q

How to inactivate pathogens?

A
  • UV light or alkylating agents damage DNA and impair replication (good for viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and leukocytes but NOT prions)
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17
Q

List steps of prepping platelets from random donor

A
  1. Whole blood collected and must now prepare plts within 4 hrs of collection
  2. Centrifuge w short/light and heavy spins
  3. Rest 1-2 hrs to unclump and place onto agitator/rocker for storage up to 5 days
  4. Sterile docking pools of 4-6 different donors
  5. Test for bacterial contamination thru blood culture or Virax (3 days post collection)
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18
Q

Platelet count and pH QC

A
  • plt count > 5.5 X 10 ^10
  • pH > 6.2
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19
Q

Leukoreduced platelets WBC count

A

WBC < 5 X 10^6

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20
Q

Anticoagulant in apheresis

A

Citrate
Binds calcium to prevent coag
Body compensates by releasing more calcium and metabolizing citrate

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21
Q

Apheresis centrifugation types

A
  • Intermittent flow (IFC): 1 venipuncture
  • Continuous flow (CFC): 2 venipuncture sites
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22
Q

Apheresis filtration

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A

Used instead of centrifugation to remove non-cellular plasma

23
Q

Apheresis therapeutic uses

Study These Flashcards
A

Plasma exchange
Pheresis (cell removal)

24
Q

Apheresis adverse effects

Study These Flashcards
A
  • citrate toxicity
  • hypotensive reactions
  • hematoma (vascular access complications)
25
Platelet apheresis donor qualifications
- must meet RBC donor qualifications - plt count > 150,000 - not taking aspirin (2 day deferral) or plavix (14 day deferral)
26
Interval between platelet apheresis donations
days > 2
27
Platelet bag visual inspection
- hemolysis (RBCs > 2ml must be crossmatched) - bubbles - clots/aggregates - color
28
What do green, yellow, and orange platelet colors indicate?
Green = contraceptives Yellow = icterus Orange = Vit A
29
How to handle granulocyte products
- Stimulate with corticosteroids or CSF - Must be transfused asap from collection < 24 hrs - ABO type match
30
Granulocytes collected from
whole blood or apheresis
31
Granulocytes used for
Neutropenic pt transfusions to fight infection (must be irradiated and NOT leukoreduced
32
How to handle hematopoietic progenitor cells (HSCs)
- Growth factors given to pt 4-5 days prior to collection by apheresis or BM - Cryopreserved/collected in advance
33
HSCs used for
- stimulating cellular growth after chemo or immune depression - HLA type match
34
Plt pre-transfusion testing required
- ABO/Rh type performed per admission
35
Plt pre-transfusion testing **not required**
- Crossmatch - Ab screen - ABO match
36
Pre-transfusion labeling
- Unique donor ID - Expiration date - Donor blood type/Rh - E-code - CMV neg - Irradiation indicator - Component assignment tag
37
HLA expresses what proteins
MHCI, MHCII, and MHCIII
38
HLA clinical importance
- disease association - transplant - plt transfusion
39
How to read HLA genes
Locus A-D Subregion P-R Serologic reactivity 00-99
40
HLA genetics
- Inherited via haplotype - Linkage disequilibrium
41
Are HLA alleles antithetical?
No
42
**T/F** HLA genes are highly polymorphic
True
43
HLA MHCI
- found on all nucleated cells (important for plts/transplants) - Bind CD8 cells after presenting proteins from intracellular attack
44
HLA MHCII
- found on only antigen presenting cells, B cells, and T cells (paternity testing) - Bind CD4 cells and present exogenous proteins
45
HLA serology testing
1. Crossmatch recipient plasma against donor RBC 2. HLA antibody screen 3. HLA match (recipient and/or donors tested for HLA antigens) 4. Type plts for A,B, C and stem cells type for A, B, DR
46
What is CREG?
Cross-reactive group
47
HLA clinical importance
- Transfusion - Transplant matching - Associated with autoimmune disease - Paternity testing
48
What is more immunogenic in HLA match?
Leukocytes
49
Refractoriness cause in HLA match?
- Contaminating lymphs in product - May have platelet Ab
50
**T/F** HLA serological crossmatch required
False May not require Should be matched in MHCI
51
Platelet crossmatch specific for ___
anti-platelet Ab
52
Platelet crossmatch tested by ___
testing plt donors against recipient plasma by solid phase method
53
**T/F** Plt crossmatch shows both HLA and platelet incompatibility
True

Blood Bank 2: Summer 2024 (8 decks)

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