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ASC305 exam folder > Platyhelminths 2 > Flashcards

Platyhelminths 2 Flashcards

(41 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 2 cestodes (tapeworms) orders significant to veterinary medicine?

A

Cyclophyllidea

Diphyllobothriidea

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2
Q

Cyclophyllidea general characteristics…

A 
usually in SI
DH: birds & mammals
scolex with/without rostellum
often rostellar hooks (circular hooks)
4 suckers
most mature proglottids distal to scolex
each proglottid is hermaphroditic with single or paired repro. organs
lateral genital pores
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3
Q

Cyclophyllidea (Taenia saginata) species affected…

A

cattle

humans

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4
Q

Taenia saginata means?

A

Taenia ‘ribbon’

saginata ‘flattening’

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5
Q

Cyclophyllidea (Taenia saginata) distribution & size?

A

worldwide

4-10 metres

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6
Q

Cyclophyllidea (Taenia saginata) lifecycle…know & draw

A

slide 10

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7
Q

Cyclophyllidea (Taenia saginata) symptoms…

A

usually asymptomatic

heavy infections: weight loss, dizziness, abdo pain, diarrhoea, headaches, nausea, decreased appetite

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8
Q

Cyclophyllidea (Taenia saginata) diagnosis…

A 
Faecal examination (taeniid type eggs with hooks)
species ID: based on scolex & gravid proglottids
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9
Q

Cyclophyllidea (Taenia saginata) treatment…

A

Humans: praziquantel or niclosamide
Cattle: Albendazole

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10
Q

Cyclophyllidea (Taenia saginata) prevention…

A 
adequate cooking (56°C for 5 minutes)
refrigeration freezing (-10°C for 9 days)
long period salting
inspection of beef
proper disposal of human excreta
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11
Q

Cyclophyllidea (Taenia solium) general characteristics…

A 
pork tapeworm
3-5 meters long
25 year life span
Human: DH & IH
Pigs: IH
zoonotic
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12
Q

Cyclophyllidea (Taenia solium) distribution…

A

Central & Sth America, Asia, India, Africa

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13
Q

Cyclophyllidea (Taenia solium) lifecycle…know & draw

A

slide 17…

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14
Q

Cyclophyllidea (Taenia solium) PPP?

A

3-6 months

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15
Q

Cyclophyllidea (Taenia solium) diagnosis (pigs)…

A 
Visible cysts amongst muscle fibres
meat inspection (masseter muscle, tongue, heart)
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16
Q

Cyclophyllidea (Taenia solium) clinical signs…

A

Pigs: rare
Humans: depend on number and location of cysts -> organ-specific or neurological signs

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17
Q

Cyclophyllidea (Taenia solium) diagnosis (humans)…

Study These Flashcards
A

faecal examination

18
Q

Cyclophyllidea (Taenia solium) diagnosis (larvae)…

Study These Flashcards
A

U/S
Ab detection tests
DNA hybridisation

19
Q

Cyclophyllidea (Taenia solium) treatment…

Study These Flashcards
A

vaccination of pigs

praziquantel & albendazole humans prior to sx

20
Q

Cyclophyllidea (Taenia solium) prevention…

Study These Flashcards
A

Effective meat inspection
Effective disposal or treatment of human effluent
Human hygiene (wash hands…)
Freezing pork will kill cystercerci

21
Q

CYCLOPHYLLIDEA: (Echinococcus granolosus) general info…

Study These Flashcards
A

hydatid
zoonotic
DH: dog, wolf, dingo, jackal, fox
SI

22
Q

CYCLOPHYLLIDEA: (Echinococcus granolosus) distribution…

Study These Flashcards
A

global distribution
2-3 million peeps affected
production loss: 2.1 billion in US

23
Q

CYCLOPHYLLIDEA: (Echinococcus granolosus) lifecycle…

24
Q

CYCLOPHYLLIDEA: (Echinococcus granolosus) hosts…

Study These Flashcards
A

DH: canidae
IH: sheep, goats, swine

25
CYCLOPHYLLIDEA: (Echinococcus granolosus) study diagrams & structures well (eg. brood capsule, germinal layer etc.)
slides 27 - 29...
26
CYCLOPHYLLIDEA: (Echinococcus granolosus) clinical signs...
IH: number & location of cysts, rupture of cysts -> anaphylactic shock -> released protoscoleces DH: 1000's of parasites tolerated without CS
27
CYCLOPHYLLIDEA: (Echinococcus granolosus) diagnosis...
IH: U/S, radiography DH: eggs in faeces, coproantigens by ELISA
28
CYCLOPHYLLIDEA: (Echinococcus granolosus) distribution in Australia...
``` East coast - transmission most common in wildlife Everywhere else (except desert & Tassie) domestic animal transmission ```
29
CYCLOPHYLLIDEA: (Echinococcus granolosus) epidemiology in Aus...
Common in rural, sheep-raising communities infection via ingestion of egg or direct contact with dogs Notifiable in NT & Tassie
30
CYCLOPHYLLIDEA: (Echinococcus granolosus) transmission in Aus...
Eggs last longer at 4°C (>300 days) than 37-39°C (2-14 days) one dog can be source of infection over 30k hectares Insects, birds & wildlife transport eggs 60km wind & water -> aid transport
31
CYCLOPHYLLIDEA: (Echinococcus granolosus) treatment...
praziquantel every 4 weeks in endemic areas | faeces produced 48hrs after treatment destroyed
32
CYCLOPHYLLIDEA: (Echinococcus granolosus) prevention...
``` No feeding raw offal public education basic hygeine Wash fruit and vegetables well Vaccination of livestock ```
33
DIPHYLLOBOTHRIIDEA: general characteristics...
SI hosts: carnivorous mammals, fish-eating mammals Genital organs & pores central
34
Diphyllobothrium latum: lifecycle...
slide 40...
35
Diphyllobothrium latum: clinical signs...
``` mostly asymptomatic abdo. discomfort diarrhoea vomiting weight loss Vit B12 deficiency ```
36
Diphyllobothrium latum can cause...?
diphyllobothriasis - long-lasting infection (decades)
37
How can diphyllobothriasis become zoonotic without active transmission?
freshwater fish may be consumed in geographic areas where active transmission does not occur, resulting in human diphyllobothriasis
38
Diphyllobothrium latum: diagnosis...
In stool (operculated eggs) broad proglottis CBC for anemia
39
Diphyllobothrium latum: risk factors...
More fertile in humans Access of human sewage to freshwater lakes Ingestion of uncooked fish
40
Diphyllobothrium latum: control & prevention...
Thoroughly cooking freshwater fish Freezing −10° C, 48 h Avoid feeding fish to dogs/pigs in endemic areas
41
Diphyllobothrium latum: treatment...
praziquantel or niclosamide (single oral dose) | Vitamin B12 may be needed

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