Pleura and Peritoneum Flashcards
(45 cards)
Respiratory system parts:
- conducting: warms, moistens, filters
- respiratory: gas exchange
Pleura and peritoneum are
the friction reducing membranes and visceral structures they contain
serous membranes
Mediastinum
- between the two pleural balloons
- extends entire superior/inferior length of thorax
- contains heart, tubes, neurovascular bundles, trachea, esophagus
Root of the lung contains
- primary bronchis
- pulmonary vessels
- nerves
- lymphatics
Two parts of the pleura:
1) parietal pleura: covers the mediastinum, superior part of diaphram, and thoracic wall
2) visceral pleura: covers lungs
* They are continuous at the root of the lung
Lung hilum
-site of entry of the root of the lung
Lung formation during development:
- bronchi extend out of the medistinum into the pleura (think of a fist going into a balloon - one side of the balloon is the visceral pleura and the other the parietal)
- the space between the pleura is the pleural cavity which eventually becomes a potential space (two layers are glued by serous fluid)
- air can enter this gap region and cause pneuma thorax
Effect of glued pleura:
when the chest wall moves out, so does the lung
Three parts of the parietal pleura:
- costal part
- mediastinal part
- diaphragmatic part
costodiaphragmatic recess
inferior region of the pleural cavity that has a space during exhalation
-may have fluid due to gravity
Diaphragm innervation
bilaterally innervated by 3 ventral rami - phrenic nerves (C 3, 4, 5 to stay alive)
intercostal nerves
- clinically: something pressing on the bottom of the diaphragm can be felt as referred pain in the neck because of that dermatomes innervation matching the diaphragms
- phrenic nerves pass anterior to the root of the lung
Right lung
-3 lobes
Horizontal fissure: separates superior and middle lobe
Oblique fissure: separates middle & superior from inferior lobe
Cardiac notch
where the left lung deviates laterally behind the sternum at the 4th intercostal space
RALS
Right lung: arteries are anterior to the bronchus
Left lung: arteries are superior to the bronchus
Lingula
left lung remnant of the middle lobe
Gut tube endoderm extends:
from the pharynx to the upper part of the anal canal
-includes liver, biliary apparatus, pancreas
NOT SPLEEN
Curvature of the stomach
greater to the left
lesser to the right
Large intestine
Ascending to the right
Descending to the left
transverse midle
(RALD)
Regions of the GI system
- each has its own arterial blood supple, innervation, and relationship to the mesentary
- foregut: esophagus, stomach, liver, bile, pancreas (ends at the entrance of bile duct second part of duodenum) *CELIAC TRUNK BLOOD SUPPLY
- midgut: rest of small intestine + ascending colon, it ends between the proximal 2/3 and the distal 1/3 of the transverse colon *SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY
hindgut: distal third of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid, rectum *INFERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY - All of these arteries are branches of the abdominal aorta
Dorsal mesentary
- suspends the entire gut tube during early fetal life
- gut tube is peritoneal
- it is a double layer of peritoneum: each layer is simple cubodial epithelium
Two layers of the mesentary
visceral peritoneum
parietal peritoneum
*separated by peritoneal cavity potential space
Mesentary
double layer of peritoneum continuous with visceral and parietal layers
Foregut mesentary
the foregut structures also have a ventral mesentery suspension
Secondarily retroperitoneal
- During development some parts of mid/hindgut lose dorsal mesentary because they get pushed against the body wall
- less mobile
Examples: duodenum and most of pancrea (except head), ascending/descending colon
LOST A MESENTERY
