Interval 1 Structural Functions

Question 1

clavicle

Answer 1

• only bone that transmits forces directly from the upper limb to the thorax
• articulates with the manubrium and the acromium process

Question 2

Nipple

Answer 2

in males landmark for the fourth intercostal space (heart)

Question 3

Costal margin

Answer 3

lower boundary of thoracic cage

formed by cartilages of false ribs 8-12

Question 4

Naming intercostal spaces

Answer 4

named for the rib above

Question 5

External intercostal muscles

Answer 5

elevate ribs and sternum

Question 6

Internal intercostal muscles

Answer 6

depress ribs and sternum

Question 7

Oblique crease

Answer 7

marks the boundary between the anterior abdominal wall and the anterior thigh

contains inguinal ligament

Question 8

Highest point of iliac crest clinical relevance

Answer 8

L4 location

Question 9

Lumbar Vertebrate

Answer 9

L1-L5

Question 10

Abdominal fascia

Answer 10

superficial: campers
deep: scarpas

Question 11

Thoracoacoacromial artery

Answer 11

supplies pectoral major and minor

Question 12

How many muscle layers in the trunk

Answer 12

3

Question 13

Thorax muscle interrupted by

Answer 13

external and internal layers are interrupted by ribs

Question 14

Location of parietal pleura

Answer 14

between 3rd and 4th rib

Question 15

Intercostal nerves/veins/arteries

Answer 15

• superior part of each intercostal space

- VAN arrangement

Question 16

Intercostal nerves

Answer 16

ventral rami

Question 17

Rectus Sheath

Answer 17

Above the arcuate line: has an anterior and posterior region

• Anterior: External and part of internal oblique
• Posterior: Part of internal and transversus abdomens

Below arcuate line: only anterior

Question 18

Part of the inguinal canal

Answer 18

posterior wall
anterior wall
floor
roof

Question 19

What makes the posterior wall of the inguinal canal

Answer 19

formed by the transversalis fascia

first layer that covers the testis

contains deep ring

Question 20

What makes the anterior wall of the inguinal canal

Answer 20

aponeurosis of external oblique

superficial ring

Question 21

What makes the floor of the inguinal canal

Answer 21

formed by inguinal ligament

Question 22

What makes the roof of the inguinal canal

Answer 22

transversus abdominus and internal oblique

Question 23

Layers covering the testis

Answer 23

1) External spermatic fascia (external oblique)
2) Cremasteric fascia (internal oblique)
3) Internal spermatic fascia (transversalis fascia)

*passed UNDER the transversus abdominis so this is not a layer

Question 24

Cremaster muscle

Answer 24

elevates testis

thermoregulates

consists of fibers of the internal oblique

Question 25

intercostal muscles end where

Answer 25

external end before the costo-chondro junction, start at the tubercle of the rib internal extend from the angle of the rib to the sternum

Question 26

Processus vaginalis

Answer 26

part of the peritoneum gets pulled into the scrotum thermoregulates

Question 27

Tunica vaginalis

Answer 27

serous covering of the testis

Question 28

Sternal Angel

Answer 28

- superior vena cava empties into the heart | - marks T4 and T5

Question 29

Skin

Answer 29

- thicker at the dorsal body surface than the ventral - two layers: epidermis (stratified squamous) and dermis (loose irregular and dense irregular) - epidermis is 5% of the thickness everywhere but palms/feet where it is 50%

Question 30

Serratus muscle

Answer 30

- long thoracic nerve innervates it SUPERFICIALLY (most muscles innervated deep) - arises from the ribs

Question 31

Nerves and vessels in the abdomen run through what layers?

Answer 31

-internal and inner

Question 32

Two layers of the innermost intercostal muscles

Answer 32

- transverse thoracis (ribs 2-6 on the inside of the rib cage) - subcostalis

Question 33

Innervation of the thoracic wall

Answer 33

- ventral rami from T1-11 | - ventral rami of T 12 (subcostal nerve)

Question 34

Blood supply to the thoracic wall

Answer 34

- 3 branches - pair of internal thoracic arteries - descending aorta

Question 35

Anterior intercostal artery

Answer 35

- arises from the internal thoracic artery (branch of subclavian) - anterior thoracic wall

Question 36

posterior intercostal artery

Answer 36

- from the descending aorta | - lateral/posterior blood supply

Question 37

drainage of the thoracic wall

Answer 37

- azygos vein | - internal thoracic vein

Question 38

retromammary bursa

Answer 38

- loose connective tissue potential space between the breast and the pectorial fascia - breast cancer can invade this space and effect the pectoralis major

Question 39

Breast blood supply

Answer 39

- two sources 1) medial source - internal thoracic artery 2) lateral source - axillary and posterior intercostal artery

Question 40

Breast drainage

Answer 40

- main drainage to the axially vein | - also the the internal thoracic and azygos

Question 41

transumbilical plane

Answer 41

-between L3 and L4

Question 42

Arcuate line

Answer 42

-marks where the inferior epigastric vessels enter the rectus sheath

Question 43

Blood supply to the rectus abdominus

Answer 43

superior and inferior epigastric arteries

Question 44

Where is the inferior epigastric vessel located

Answer 44

between the transversalis fascia and the peritoneum

Question 45

Superficial inguinal ring transmits:

Answer 45

ilioinguinal nerve in both sexes

Question 46

Direct hernia

Answer 46

- processus vaginalis should not persist in childhood - sometimes bowl can enter it - most common

Question 47

Indirect hernias

Answer 47

peritoneal sac enters through a weakend posterior wall of the inguinal canal more common in adults