Plumbing Flashcards
(239 cards)
1
Q
The following _____ systems and their components are _____ scope of a home inspection: clothes washing machines, private water wells, private sewage disposal systems or any other systems located outside the house, and fire sprinkler systems.
A
plumbing
not in
2
Q
The _____ water distribution system, the _____ drain, waste, and vent system, plumbing fixtures such as faucets, sinks, toilets, water heating equipment and vents, on site fuel storage and distribution, sewage ejectors, sump pumps, and associated pipes are all_____ systems that are _____ scope of a home inspection.
A
interior
interior
plumbing
in
3
Q
In locations subject to freezing temperatures, water distribution pipes should be _____ when installed in _____, _____ ____, and _____ ____. Water service pipe should be installed at least ___ inches below grade or at least ___ inches below the local frost line, whichever is deeper.
A
insulated
attics, crawl spaces, and exterior walls
12
6
4
Q
Pipes installed through holes or notches in _____, _____, or _____, should be protected against _____ by nails and screws by installing _____ _____ _____.
A
studs, joists, rafters
puncture
steel shield plates
5
Q
Where pipe is installed in holes or notches in the bottom or top plate studs, the _____ _____ should extend at least __ inches above the _____ plate or below the _____ plate. Protection requirements do not apply to pipe made from _____, _____, or _____.
A
shield plate
2
bottom
top
cast iron, black steel, galvanized steel
6
Q
Holes and notches in which pipes are installed should be about __ in. larger than pipe diameter.
A
1/2
7
Q
Pipes installed in concrete or masonry should be protected against _____ by _____ the pipe in an appropriate _____ or installing the pipe in a _____ _____.
A
corrosion
wrapping
material
protective sleeve
8
Q
Pipes installed through foundation walls or under footings should be protected from _____ by a _____ _____ or by enclosing the pipe in a _____ that is _____ pipe sizes larger than the pipe installed. The space between the pipe and _____ should be sealed with waterproof material such as _____, _____, or _____.
A
breaking
relieving arch
sleeve
2
sleeve
caulk, foam, gasket
9
Q
_____ hangers should not support galvanized pipe and _____ straps should not support copper pipe.
A
copper
steel
10
Q
Copper tubing is divided into type ___ which has the thickest walls and identified by ___ markings, type ___ which has medium thickness walls and ___ markings, and type ___ which has thin walls and is identified by ___ markings.
A
K, thick, green
L, medium, blue
M, thin, red
11
Q
Copper tubing should be supported horizontally every ___ ft and vertically every ___ ft.
A
6
10
12
Q
Type ___ and ___ copper tubing may be installed below and above ground and may be embedded in and installed under concrete and masonry. They are also used to convey ___ ___, ___ ___ and ___ ___.
A
K and L
natural gas
propane gas
Fuel oil
13
Q
Type ___ copper tubing may be installed above and below ground, however it may not be embedded in or installed under concrete and masonry.
A
M
14
Q
___ ___ ___ may be connected to other water supply pipe materials such as CPVC and PEX using a push-connect fitting.
A
Drawn copper tubing
15
Q
Copper tubing should not be connected to iron or steel pipe without a ____ ____, which prevents ____ ___, a process in which an electric current is created and flows between dissimilar metals in the presence of an ____, such as water. This phenomenon can weaken pipes and cause ____.
A
Dielectric fitting
Galvanic corrosion
Electrolyte
Leaks
16
Q
Water with high ____ ____ content can damage copper tubing over time. ___
A
Hydrogen sulfide
17
Q
___ can shake apart solder joints.
A
Water hammer
18
Q
Excessive use of ____ ____ during installation can cause damage to copper tubing that usually presents as leaks a few years later.
A
Solder flux
19
Q
Copper tubing usually presents clues prior to failure such as ____ ____ on and in fixtures such as sinks, bathtubs, and toilets. ____ ____ and ____ ____ on and around fittings are a precursor to failure as well. ____ ____ with a ____ or ____ center could indicate an active leak.
A
Green stains
Green stains and white crust
Green stains with blue or black center
20
Q
Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride or _____ pipe is a ____ pipe for water distribution service. It is usually a ____ color, sometimes with a ____ stripe. When colored orange it is usually meant for ____ ____ or ____ system piping.
A
CPVC
Thermoplastic
Cream
Yellow
Fire suppression or sprinkler
21
Q
CPVC may be used for ___ and ___ water. It’s max operating temp under pressure is ____ ° F. It ___ be used for water heater temp/pressure relief valve extension pipe.
A
Hot and cold
180 ° F
may
22
Q
PVC may not be used for ___ water, since it’s max operating temp is ___° F. PVC is usually ____ in color and used for ___ or water distribution and irrigation.
A
Hot
100° F
white
DWV
23
Q
CPVC and PVC should be supported every ___ ft horizontally and every ___ ft vertically. A ___ ___ guide should be installed for pipes ___ in and smaller in diameter. It should be protected against ___, ___, and ___.
A
3
10
Mid-story
2
Punctures, breaking, freezing
24
Q
CPVC may be connected to drawn copper tubing and PEX using ____ ____ fittings and ____ ____. It may be connected to galvanized steel pipe using a ____ ____.
A
Push-connect
Threaded adapters
Threaded adapter
25
____ ____ was used for water service and distribution until the 1960’s, and is no longer allowed except to replace existing pipe. It is usually a dull ____ color. Existing pipe is at or near the end of ____ ____ and should be ____.
Galvanized steel
Gray
Service life
Reported/replaced
26
____ ____ pipe was used in older homes for water service and distribution but is no longer allowed. It is however still used for ____ ____ pipe. This pipe lacks the rust resistant coating of ____ ____.
Black steel
Gas distribution
Galvanized steel
27
Galvanized steel pipe should be supported every __ ft horizontally and every __ ft vertically. It should be protected against ____ and ____, however protection against ____ is not required.
12
15
Breaking and freezing
Punctures
28
Galvanized steel pipe may be connected to other galvanized steel through ____ ____. It may connect to other water supply pipe by using a ____ ____ fitting. It may not be connected to ____ ____ without a dielectric fitting or ____ ____.
Threaded fittings
Threaded adapter
Copper tubing
Brass fitting
29
Cross-linked polyethylene or ___ tubing is a ____ material. Early versions were ____ ____ color, modern versions are ____ ____, ____, and ____, the latter designating hot or cold for conveniences. Any color, however, may be used for hot or cold.
PEX
Thermoplastic
Milky white
Milky white, red, and blue
30
PEX-___-PEX is PEX tubing with an ____ layer in the tubing to act as an ____ barrier. This is useful for hydronic heating systems as ____ can corrode parts in those systems.
AL
Aluminum
Oxygen
Oxygen
31
PEX tubing should be supported every ___ inches horizontally and every ___ ft vertically. A mid story guide is required for tubing ___ inches in diameter or smaller. It should be protected against ____, ____, and ____.
32”
10’
2”
Punctures, breaking, and freezing
32
Some reported defects in PEX include _____ of yellow brass fittings, _____ when exposed to sunlight, weakening of tubing walls from _____ in water, and being _____ to oxygen and chemicals in the ground.
Dezincification
Degradation
Chlorine
Permeable
33
Polybutylene or ___ tubing was a material used for water service and distribution. It is often blue or bluish gray or black when used as ____ ____. It will be bluish gray or cream when used as ____ ____.
PB
service pipe
distribution pipe
34
PB tubing should be supported every ___ inches horizontally and every ___ ft vertically. It should be protected against ____, ____, and ____.
32
4
Punctures, breaking, freezing
35
PB tubing is known to be _____. The ____ or ____ ____ may leak at fittings. It may _____ when exposed to sunlight, even in attics or crawl spaces. It is known to have weakened walls of the tubing due to ____ in the water. Inspectors should ____ the presence of PB and recommend ____.
defective
Acetal or aluminum ring
Degrade
Chlorine
Report
Evaluation
36
Inspectors should report the presence of ___ pipes, which are medium to dark gray in color, and recommend they be ____.
Lead
Replaced
37
Flexible water connectors should not be ____ such that the internal ____ is reduced, should not be ____ ____ to form a ____ connector, should not be used as a ____ ____ ____, should not be used as temp/pressure relief valve ____ ____, and should not ____ walls, floors, or ____.
Bent
Diameter
Linked together
Longer
Water distribution pipe
Extension pipe
Penetrate
Ceilings
38
Full ____ type main water service valves are required at every ____ unit where the water service ____ ____ ____.
Open
Dwelling
Enters the unit
39
A water heater should have a ____ ____ type valve in the ____ water supply pipe near the ____ ____.
Full open
Cold
Water heater
40
Fixtures and _____, except ____ and ____ should have an accessible fixture shutoff valve in the ____ and ____ ____ supply pipes.
Appliances
Bathtubs and showers
Hot and cold water
41
A ____ valve is a rotating ____ positioned between gaskets on each side of the ____ which has a hole in the center through which water flows. It does not provide flow control but provides a good seal when closed. It is considered a ____ ____ valve.
Ball
Ball
Ball
Full open
42
A _____ valve has a metal plate that is positioned in a gasket. It provides flow control and ____ considered a full open valve.
Butterfly
Isn’t
43
A ____ valve has a piece of metal that is moved up and down by a rotating wheel that turns a screw. It provides some flow control, however it is ____ ____ for that ____. It is considered a ___ ___ valve.
Gate
Not intended for that purpose
Full open
44
A globe valve is moved by a ____ ____ and provides ____ flow control. It ____ a full open valve.
Rotating wheel
Good
Is not
45
____ ____ ____ are used for fixture shutoff valves. The outlet is at a ___° angle to the inlet. These valves can be any other type of valve.
Angle stop valve
90°
46
A stop and waste valve has a ____ that can be removed to ____ water from the ____ portion of piping. They are often used to drain ____ ____ that are not frost proof.
Cap
Drain
Downstream
Hose bibs
47
_____ faucets have two handles and a spout. Turning the handle turns a screw (valve stem) which lifts the seat washer from the valve seat. They are easily repaired by replacing the ____ ____ ____.
Compression
Worn out washers
48
____ faucets have a single handle on a rounded faucet body. They are operated by pushing the handle up for ____ ____ and turning from side to side to control _____.
Ball
Flow control
Temperature
49
_____ faucets have a single handle on a cylindrical body. They are operated by lifting the handle for water flow control and turning the handle a fraction of 90° for temperature. They are repaired by replacing the _____ and o-rings.
Cartridge
Cartridge
50
_____ faucets are single handle faucets that are operated like cartridge faucets. The are repaired by replacing the _____.
Disc
Disc
51
Shower curbs are ____ ____ required and should be no more than ___ inches tall.
no longer
9
52
Shower floors should be a ____ ____ material and should slope between ___ inch per foot and ___ inch per foot towards the ____.
slip-resistant
1/4”
1/2”
drain
53
Leaks are likely to occur where the shower pan connects to the ____ and at the ____. Home inspectors should look for stains, soft wood, water streaks on drainage pipes and other leak evidence in ____ ____ under ____. Inspectors should also look for loose tiles on and near the ____.
drain
curb
areas accessible under showers
curb
54
Shower walls should be covered with a ____ ____ ____ which should extend at least ___ inches above the shower floor. Vertical seams in tile and seams between tile and tub should be ____.
non-absorbent material
72”
caulked
55
Showers should not have windows if the ____ ____ can contact the window. If windows are present they should be safety glazing if the bottom of the glazing is less than ___ inches above the pan. All other glazing in and around showers should be ____ ____.
shower spray
60”
safety glazing
56
Shower walls should be sheathed in ____ or ____ ____ board. ____ ____ ____ is no longer allowed. ____ ____ has never been allowed.
mortar or cement backer board
Water-resistant drywall
standard drywall
57
Shower doors should swing ___ from the shower and may swing ___ also so long as they also swing ___.
out
in
out
58
Minimum clear horizontal distance in front of a shower opening is at least ___ inches. The minimum opening width is ___ inches.
24”
22”
59
At least ___ ___ is required in every kitchen and bathroom.
one sink
60
Bathroom sink drain outlets should be at least ___ inches, have a ___ installed, and the drain length should be no more than ___ feet long.
1 1/4”
p-trap
5
61
Sink drain outlets should not be more than ___ inches horizontally and ___ inches vertically from the trap inlet.
30”
24”
62
Sinks do not require ____ or ____, however a device to prevent objects from falling into the ____ such as a ____ or ____ is required.
overflows or stoppers
drain
strainer or cross-bar
63
The minimum clear horizontal distance in front of a sink is at least ___ inches and the height above the sink should be ____ to ____ use the sink. Minimum bathroom ceiling height is ___ inches.
adequate
safely
84”
64
The sink and countertop should be ____ so that it will fully drain.
level
65
At least one ____ is required in every house. A bidet is not a ____, it is actually a type of ____.
toilet
toilet
sink
66
The toilet bowl sits on and is attached to the ____ ____, which as a plastic ring that attaches the toilet outlet to the plumbing system. It should not move on this joint when ____ is applied. A ____ ____ is installed between the bowl and the flange. Leaks are often caused by this component drying out or becoming damaged.
closet flange
force
wax o-ring
67
Water leaking into the toilet bowl is often caused by a worn, improperly installed, or improper size ____ ____. This can also be caused by a worn ____ ____. The ____ ____ allows excess water to be diverted into the bowl instead of overflowing from the tank.
flush valve
fill valve
overflow tube
68
As of 1994, residential toilets are limited to ___ gallons per flush. Some toilets manufactured between ____ and ____ do not clear the bowl well because of issues adhering to the new restrictions.
1.6
1993 and 1997
69
A toilet drain outlet, or closet flange, should be at least ___ inches in diameter. It should be connected to a fixture drain (soil pipe) that should be no more than ___ feet long. No ___ should be installed.
3”
12
trap
70
Toilets require at least ___ inches of clear space in front and ___ inches on each side, measured from the center of the toilet. Height above should be adequate to ____ use the toilet, and minimum ceiling heights in bathrooms is ___ inches.
21”
15”
safely
84
71
Bidets require a ____ ____ device to protect the water supply as well as a ____ ____ device that limits water temperature to ____° F. Bidets require ___ inches of clearance in front and ___ inches to the sides.
back-flow prevention
temperature limiting
110° F
21”
15”
72
A washing machine should not discharge directly into a ____ ____ or to any pipe that is not connected to the ____ ____ system.
floor drain
waste disposal
73
The washing machine standpipe should be at least ___ inches diameter and extend between ___ inches and ___ inches above the trap weir. The standpipe should have a ____ which should be protected by a ____.
2”
18”
42”
trap
vent
74
Floor drain traps should be at least __ inches in diameter and require a ____ ____or the water seal should be ____ than usual.
2”
trap primer
deeper
75
____ can occur between water supply pipes and a contaminate source when there is cross connection between the two. This can be caused by ____ or ____. Areas where cross connection is likely require ____ ____ or a ____ ____.
Back-flow
back-siphonage or back-pressure
air gaps or a back-flow preventer
76
____ ____ are used to separate water supply fixtures such as faucets and spouts from drainage fixtures such as sinks and tubs. The vertical distance between the flood rim and the water supply opening should be ____ times the size of the water supply opening.
Air gaps
2
77
____ ____ ____ are required where air gaps are not effective or practical. One example is a ____ ____ ____ ____ which screws on the end of a hose bib.
Back-flow preventers
Hose connection vacuum breaker
78
Back flow preventers are required in lawn ____ systems, and should be installed vertically and at least ___ to ___ inches above the highest outlet.
irrigation
6” to 12”
79
Toilet bowl valves should have an ____-____ back-flow preventer installed at least ___ above the overflow pipe. A fill valve below the fill tank____ ____ should be reported.
anti-siphon
1”
water line
80
Water softeners can interrupt the ____ ____ and ____ system by placing non-conductive materials into the water pipes. A ____ ____ or ____ should be installed between the two metal pipes to which the water softener is connected.
electrical grounding and bonding
jumper wire or clamp
81
Private water wells should be located above and away from any ____ ____. The well head should be ___ to ___ inches above grade. The grade should slope away from the well head, which should be ____ and ____. The well head should be at least ___ feet from a septic tank and leach field and ___ feet from petroleum tanks or areas where chemicals are used.
contaminate sources
12” to 18”
capped and sealed
50’
100’
82
The ____ ____ is the buffer in the well system that extends life of the pump. Air pressure in the tank allows water to be used without the pump being turned on. Older ____ tanks may become ____ if the water and air mix together, an indication of which is ____ appearing near the top of the tank.
pressure tank
steel
waterlogged
condensation
83
A _____ is a vessel for storing water. It can be an above ground tank made of masonry or stone and can also be a below ground tank or shallow dug well.
cistern
84
Water dissolves minerals such as ____ and ____ causing hard water. One remedy is a ____ ____, which replaces these minerals with ____.
calcium and magnesium
water softener
sodium
85
The presence of sulfur or ____ ____ in water can cause a rotten egg smell and unpleasant taste. This can be remedied by aeration, filtration, ____, or adding ____ ____.
hydrogen sulfide
chlorination
hydrogen peroxide
86
Bacteria can form a film inside the water well equipment called _____. It may be treated with ____ ____.
biofouling
shock chlorination
87
Naturally occurring contaminants in well water include ____ and ____.
arsenic and radon
88
Fire ____ systems or ____ systems are required by the IRC in all new homes, however local jurisdictions have not yet adopted this requirement. Nevertheless, inspection of these systems is _____ scope of a home inspection.
suppression
sprinkler
out of
89
Point of use (instant) hot water systems _____ considered part of the domestic hot water system (DHW). Inspection of these units is limited to ____ them and checking for ____.
are not
operating
leaks
90
Inspection of ____ water heaters is out of scope of a home inspection.
solar
91
All domestic hot water systems require a ____ ____ valve at the cold water inlet. All systems require a ____ valve and ____ pipe as well.
full open
relief
discharge
92
Storage tank water heaters require a ____ underneath the tank to ____ and ____ ____ if there is the potential for damage. These systems also require a ____ ____ ____ valve and a ____ ____ as well.
pan
catch and drain leaks
temperature/pressure relief
drain valve
93
On-demand (tankless) DHW systems require a ____ ____ valve.
pressure relief
94
Hot water above ____ ° F will cause first degree burns in less than ____ for an adult and even less time for a child. Although there is a risk of bacterial growth in tanks at less than ____ °F, manufacturers recommend setting water temperature to ___°F or less.
125° F
one minute
140° F
120° F
95
____ ____ is the amount of time a storage tank water heater takes to heat water to a set temperature.
recovery rate
96
Cold water enters a storage tank water heater through the ____ ____.
dip tube
97
Energized parts in newer water heaters should be covered by a ____ ____.
plastic guard
98
Most electric water heaters are served by a dedicated ____ volt, ____ amp branch circuit. Wires under the cover should be ____ and the ____ ____ connected to the cabinet. ____ cable should not be used to power a water heater unless enclosed in ____ or specifically allowed by the jurisdiction.
240v
30 amp
intact
grounding conductor
NM (nonmetallic sheathed cable)
conduit
99
Electric water heaters should have a ____ ____ within sight or the circuit breaker should be capable of being ____.
disconnecting device
locked
100
The ____ ____ ____ shuts off the gas valve if the water rises above a set temperature in a gas hot water heater.
high limit sensor
101
The _____ is a sensor which monitors pilot flame, which allows the gas valve to open when the pilot flame heats the sensor to a certain temperature.
thermocouple
102
A ____ ____ ____ and a ____ ____ should be installed in gas supply piping upstream from a water heater and in the same room.
gas shutoff valve
sediment trap
103
In gas water heaters, the presence of numerous ____ in a combustion chamber may indicate problems with the gas valve, thermocouple, or pilot system.
matches
104
Gas water heaters built after July 1, 2003 should be ____ ____ ____ ____.
flammable vapor ignition resistant (FVIR)
105
Most gas water heaters are Category __ appliances and are vented with a Type __ vent, ____ ____ ____, or chimney.
I
B
single wall pipe
106
Category ___ and ___ gas storage tank water heaters may use a concentric vent that terminates through a sidewall, may be directed center, or direct exhausted using a mechanical powered vent.
III and IV
107
Exterior gas fired appliances usually have ____ ____, while interior appliances usually are special vented Category ___ or ___ appliances.
integrated vents
III or IV
108
Most heat pump storage tank water heaters are known as ____ ____ ____, because they also have electric resistance heating elements to assist with heating water during ____ ____.
hybrid water heaters
high demand
109
A ____ ____ valve is required for all swimming pool heaters.
temperature relief
110
A ____ ____ ____ or ____ valve may be used anywhere a pressure relief valve or temperature relief valve is required. These valves are set to release at ___ psi or ___° F. Modern valves are ___ inch diameter.
temperature/pressure relief or TPR
150 psi or 210° F
3/4”
111
Hot water heater discharge pipe should be a type of pipe approved for hot water such as ____, ____, or ____.
copper, CPVC, or PEX
112
Hot water heater discharge pipe should be the same size as the ____ ____. This means ____ ____ ____ may not be used.
relief valve (TPR valve)
flexible water connectors
113
Hot water heater discharge pipe should slope ____ toward the discharge point and terminate by an air gap between ___ inches and ____ inches above the floor or receptor, and may terminate ____ if necessary.
down
1 1/2” and 6”
outdoors
114
Hot water heater discharge pipe should terminate in a ___° elbow if ran horizontally, and should serve only ___ TPR valve(s). The pipe shall not have any ___ fittings or ____ installed.
90°
1
tee
valves
115
A drain pan is not required to be installed when a hot water heater is replaced if a drain pan was ____ ____ when the house was ____.
not required
built
116
Drain pans are not required for water heaters located in an ____ ____, ____ ____, or in an ____ ____ ____ so long as a leak would not cause damage to the home in these areas.
unfinished basement
crawl space
unfinished storage room
117
A drain pan is usually required where a hot water heater is installed in or above any ____ ____.
finished space
118
The ____ ____ of any appliance located in a garage should be at least ___ inches above the garage floor.
ignition source
18”
119
____ listed water heaters are not required to be elevated in garages.
FVIR
120
In seismic risk areas, water heaters should be ____ or ____ to the ____ to resist movement during an earthquake. ____ should be placed in the upper and lower ___ of the appliance and should not interfere with ____ ____ ____. They should also not be located within ___ inches of any ____.
strapped or anchored to the framing
straps/anchors
1/3
service access openings
4”
controls
121
A water supply system that has a check valve or ____ ____ valve to prevent heated water from returning to the cold water supply is referred to as a ____ ____. Expanding hot water in these systems may expand into the ____ ____ ____ of the house and cause ____ and ____ to break or ____ and toilet ____ ____ can leak.
pressure reducing
closed system
water distribution system
hoses and tubes
fixtures and toilet fill valves
122
Hot water heaters served by a closed cold water supply system should have a ____ ____ ____. Three devices are available including ____ ____ ____, ____ ____ valves that are drained to an internal receptor or the same type valve that is integrated into the ____ ____ valve.
thermal expansion device
thermal expansion tanks
thermal expansion valves
toilet fill valve
123
____ ____, also called ____ ____, limit the temperature of water flowing though them to not more than ___° F. They are required at ____ and ____ to prevent ____ ____.
mixing valves
tempering valves
120° F
bathtubs and showers
scalding injuries
124
DWV pipes should not be ____ ____ ____ in the direction of flow, nor should ledges, protrusions, or threads provide a surface on which ____ ____ ____ or in which ____ ____ ____.
reduced in size
solids could collect
water could remain
125
____ ____ ____ may be an exception to the smooth surface rule in some jurisdictions, however they may only be installed ____ not ____.
flexible corrugated tailpieces
vertically not horizontally
126
A ___ inch drainage pipe may accept flow from no more than 3 fixtures other than a toilet.
2”
127
A ___ inch drainage pipe can accept flow from no more than 6 fixtures other than a toilet.
2 1/2”
128
A ___ inch drainage pipe is the smallest size pipe that may accept flow from a toilet or bathroom.
3”
129
____ ____ ____ or ABS pipe is used for building sewer and interior DWV pipe. It may not be used as ____ ____ ____ pipe. It is usually ____ in color.
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene
interior water distribution
black
130
ABS should be supported horizontally every ___ ft and vertically every ___ ft. A mid-story guide is required for pipes ___ in or smaller in diameter. It should be protected against ____, ____, ____, and ____.
4’
10’
2”
punctures, breaking, corrosion, freezing
131
ABS should be connected to PVC using an ____ ____ made of ____ ____ ____. The ABS half should be ____ ____ in the ABS half and the PVC should be ____ and ____ in the PVC half. ____ ____ is available to directly connect the two types, however it is only allowed to connect to the building drain to the ____ ____ ____.
adapter fitting
both pipe types
solvent cemented
primed and cemented
transition cement
building sewer pipe
132
ABS is usually connected to galvanized pipe using a ____ ____, sometimes called a ____ ____, that uses stainless steel ____ to secure the joint.
banded coupling
elastomeric coupling
bands
133
Cast iron pipe is used for ____ ____ and interior ____ pipe. It is usually ____ in color. Most of this pipe is ____ ____ ____ and inspectors may wish to include an ____ ____ ____ comment in their report. Inspectors should recommend a ____ ____ of all cast iron building sewer pipe.
building sewer
DWV
black
beyond service life
end of life
camera inspection
134
Cast iron pipe should be supported every ___ ft horizontally if standard 10 ft sections are used, or every ___ ft if fittings are installed and every ___ ft vertically. It should be protected against ____ and ____.
10’
5’
15’
breaking and freezing
135
Cast iron pipe is connected to other cast iron by a ____ on one end, consisting of an enlarged termination and a ____, consisting of a normal sized termination. The connection between the two is sealed with an ____ ____ ____, or an older method called a ____ ____.
hub
spigot
elastomeric compression gasket
caulked joint
136
Clay pipe was used for ____ ____, ___ ____, and ____ ____. Inspectors should recommend a ____ ____. Clay pipe connections are similar to cast iron pipe, using the ____ and ____ system.
building sewer, public sewer,
and water mains
camera inspection
hub and spigot
137
____ sewer pipe or Orangeburg sewer pipe, as it is commonly called, is made of ____ ____ and water proof adhesive impregnated with ____ ____. It is ____ ____ ____ ____ and inspectors should include an ____ ____ ____ comment in their report, as well as recommend a ____ ____.
fiber
wood fibers
coal tar
beyond its service life
end of life
camera inspection
138
____ ____ ____ pipe involves repair by lining a pipe with epoxy.
Cure-in-place
139
____ involves repairing pipe by lining the existing pipe with new inner wall materials like PVC.
Sliplining
140
____ involves repairing pipe by breaking existing pipe while a replacement pipe is pulled along.
Bursting
141
Drainage pipe should ____ ____ toward the ____ ____. Pipes usually must ____ ____ to accomplish this.
slope downward
discharge point
change direction
142
Drainage pipes less than 3” diameter should not slope less than ___ “ per foot.
1/4”
143
Drainage pipe 3” diameter or larger should not slope less than ___” per foot.
1/8”
144
Drainage pipes may have fittings that change direction of flow from ____ to ____, from ____ to ____, or change flow in the ____ plane.
horizontal to vertical
vertical to horizontal
horizontal plane
145
A ____ ____ is a drain pipe fitting that is inserted into a vertical pipe to accept flow from a horizontal pipe, usually a fixture drain or branch drain.
sanitary tee
146
A sanitary tee may not be used to change flow direction from ____ to ____ or ____ to ____.
vertical to horizontal
horizontal to horizontal
147
A ____ is a fitting inserted into a horizontal or vertical pipe to change flow direction. The inlets are at a ___° angle to the pipe in which it is inserted. A ____ ____ is similar except the inlets are at a ___° angle. These fittings may change flow in any direction.
wye
45°
wye tee
90°
148
A ____ ____ is a fitting that clamps onto a pipe and either punches a hole into the pipe during installation or a hole is drilled to accommodate the fitting.
saddle fitting
149
Connections to DWV pipe may not be made through ____ ____ into a pipe. For this reason, ____ ____ are no longer allowed to be used with DWV pipe or water distribution pipe, however their use was common in older homes and is not necessarily deficient.
holes drilled
saddle fittings
150
A _____ is usually a fitting with a plug installed that can be removed to insert a drain snake or otherwise clear blockages.
clean-out
151
Substitutes to clean-outs such as ____ ____ ____ ____and toilets have been allowed in the past, but are no longer allowed in new homes. Inspectors should ____ ____ to clean-outs before reporting the absence clean-outs.
traps with slip joints
identify alternatives
152
The building sewer clean-out should be located within ___ feet of the junction of the building ____ and building sewer. The junction should be located within ___ feet of the foundation. Building sewers longer than 100 feet should have a clean-out at least every ___ feet.
10’
drain
3’
100’
153
Horizontal drainage pipes and building drains should have a clean out every ___ feet.
100’
154
Horizontal drainage pipe, building drains and building sewers that change direction more than ___° should have a clean-out located near the direction change. If more than one direction change occurs within ___ feet, only 1 clean-out is required every ___ feet.
45°
40’
40’
155
Clean-outs should be the ____ size or ____ than the pipes served and require a minimum ___ inches clearance perpendicular to the clean-out for service access.
same
larger
18”
156
The function of a ____ is to maintain a liquid seal between drainage pipes and house in order to keep out sewer gases. Every drain fixture should have a ____ and should have no more than ___. Most are ____, however some are ____ such as in toilets.
trap
trap
1
external
integrated
157
The ____ ____ begins at the trap outlet and ends at the connection to the vent. This is also called the ____ ____.
fixture drain
trap arm
158
A trap should be located not more than ___ inches horizontally or ___ inches vertically from the fixture outlet.
30”
24”
159
Traps should be set ____ so that the water seal will not ____ and water will flow normally. They should be located in ____ ____ or protected from ____. If slip joints are used they must be ____.
level
drain
conditioned space
freezing
accessible
160
The current accepted trap configuration is the ____. It’s water seal should be at least ___ inches deep and not more than ___ inches deep.
p-trap
2”
4”
161
Prohibited traps include the ____, ____, and the ____. These traps are not allowed in ____ ____, however are not necessarily deficient in older homes so long as they are ____ ____.
S-trap, drum trap, bell trap
new homes
functioning properly
162
A ____ ____ is a trap installed in the building drain near the connection to the building sewer. They have been ____ for many years unless required by a building official. If installed, it should be ____ and have an accessible ____.
building trap
prohibited
vented
clean-out
163
Fixture drains should slope toward the ____ or ____ fitting at ___ inch per foot, and should not fall more than the ____ ____.
drainage or vent
1/4”
pipe diameter
164
The trap serving a shower should be at least ___ inches in diameter.
1 1/2”
165
Fixture drain length is limited to ___ feet for 1 1/4” pipe, ___ feet for 1 1/2”, and ___ feet for 2” pipe. Figures may differ in jurisdictions abiding by ____.
5’
6’
8’
Uniform Plumbing Code
166
The fixture drain length between trap weir and vent connection should be at least ___ times the pipe diameter to prevent ____ ____, in which water is more easily siphoned or ____ ____.
2
crown venting
blown-out
167
The primary purpose of ____ is to protect the water seal in traps from being drained. Every trap and trapped fixture should have a ____.
vents
vent
168
Vents can be terminated on the ____ and be open to the atmosphere or they can consist of a mechanical device known as an ____ ____ ____ or ____. However, every house should have at least one ____ ____.
roof
air admittance valve or AAV
atmospheric vent
169
Vent systems should not serve any purpose other than providing air to ____ ____. ____ from sources such as ____ ____ should not drain into vent pipes. Vent pipes should not be used to ____ objects such as antennas or flags.
drainage pipes
water
air conditioners
support
170
Vent pipe terminations should extend at least ___ inches above the roof or above local snow accumulation, whichever is higher and at least ___ feet above any accessible walking surface.
6”
7’
171
Vent pipe terminations should be at least ___ feet horizontally, ___ feet below, or ___ feet above, a door or operable window.
10’
4’
3’
172
Vent pipe terminations should not be located directly below ____ ____ openings.
soffit ventilation
173
Vents may terminate though a ____, however the termination should be at least ___ feet above grade and ___ feet from the lot line.
wall
10’
10’
174
Plumbing vents should be at least ___ feet horizontally or ___ feet above any air intake openings.
10’
3’
175
Minimum vent pipe size is ___ inches or ____ the diameter of pipe being served, whichever is ____.
1 1/4”
half
larger
176
A vent pipe longer than ___ feet developed length should be increased by ____ ____ pipe size.
40’
one nominal
177
An ____ ____ system serves as the vent for one fixture of any type.
individual vent
178
A ____ ____ system is a vent that protects two fixtures of any type that are located on the ____ ____.
common vent
same floor
179
A ____ ____ system may protect fixtures from as many as ___ bathroom groups on the same floor level. A bathroom group consists of one ____, one ____, one ____ or one ____, and one ____.
wet vent
2
sink, toilet, bathtub or shower, bidet
180
In a wet vent system, each fixture should connect ____ and ____ to the wet vented pipe. ____ ____ may not connect to wet vents and fixtures may not connect ____.
individually and horizontally
branch drains
vertically
181
An AAV should not be used to vent ___ or ____ ____.
sumps or sewage ejectors
182
Vent connections should occur at least ___ inches above highest fixture flood rim.
6”
183
An AAV should be installed at least ___ inches above the drain being vented. If installed in an attic it should be at least ___ inches above insulation. They should be installed vertically or within ___° of vertical.
4”
6”
15°
184
____ ____ or cheater vents, should not be used except in ____ ____.
check vents
manufactured homes
185
Identification of whether a sewage system is ____ or ____ is out of scope of a home inspection. ____ of these components is out of scope as well since a plumbing license may be required.
public or private
inspection
186
Drain fields consists of several trenches that are about ___ feet wide, ___ feet deep, and ___ feet apart. They are filled with about ___ feet of gravel and a ___ inch diameter slotted pipe is placed in the trench and covered with soil.
3’
3’
9’
1’
4”
187
Inspectors should alert clients to the presence of ____ ____ sewer systems due to their need for regular ____.
less common
maintenance
188
The rate at which water flows through soil is called the ____ ____. To determine this a ____ ____ is performed, which will determine the type of ____ ____ is appropriate for the soil type.
percolation rate
perc test
septic system
189
Drain fields should be protected against ____ and ____ by ____. Only ____ or ____ should be planted above or near the drain field. It should be ____ so that storm water flows away. ____ and other concentrated ____ ____ should be directed away.
damage and saturation by water
grass or ground cover
graded
downspouts
water sources
190
A ____ ____ is usually found in basements where it is lower than the sewer or septic tank. A ____ ____ is another option for basements.
Sewage ejector
macerating toilet
191
A ____ ____ is a type of check valve that is recommended when a plumbing fixture’s flood rim is lower than the closest upstream public sewer manhole cover. This is usually in basements.
Backwater valve
192
A sump pump should be in a ____ at the ____ point of a basement or crawl space. The ____ ____ should be approved for DWV and should have an accessible ____ ____. The sump pump should ____ to an appropriate location such as the ____ ____ ____ ____. It should not be directed towards a ____ or ____ ____ or onto adjacent ____.
pit
lowest
discharge pipe
check valve
discharge
public storm water sewer
public or private sewer
lots
193
Gas pipes ____ the point of delivery are not within scope of a home inspection.
before
194
Black steel gas pipe should be at least schedule ___ and between ___” and ___” of the pipe end should be threaded. The threads should be covered in ____ ____ or ____ ____ ____. ____ ____ ____ is not acceptable for use in gas pipes.
40
3/4” and 1”
joint compound (pipe dope)
yellow teflon tape
white teflon tape
195
Black steel gas pipe should be supported by ____ ____ ____, ____, or clamps. ____ hangers should not be used. 1/2” pipe should be supported every ___ feet, 3/4”-1” every ___ feet, and 1 1/4” or larger every ___ feet.
compatible metal hangers
straps
copper
6’
8’
10’
196
When used for gas, copper tubing should be Type ___ identified by a ____ label or Type ___ identified by a ____ label.
Type K (green label)
Type L (blue label)
197
Copper tubing should not be used in areas where gas supply contains excessive ____ ____ which can ____ copper tubing.
hydrogen sulfide
corrode
198
Threaded fittings in gas copper tubing should be covered in ____ ____ or ____ ____ ____. Copper tubing may also use ____ or ____ fittings.
joint compound (pipe dope)
yellow Teflon tape
Braised (not soldered) fittings
flared fittings
199
Copper tubing should be supported by compatible ____ ____, straps, or ____. ____ hangers should not be used. Horizontal support intervals are ___ feet for 1/2” pipe, ___ feet for 3/4”-1” pipe, and ___ feet for 1 1/4” and larger pipe.
metal hangers
clamps
steel
4’
6’
8’
200
To avoid confusion with water supply tubing, copper gas tubing should be identified with a ____ ____ with the word ____ printed on it which should be applied to the tubing every ___ feet.
yellow label
GAS
5’
201
____ ____ ____ ____ or CSST is a flexible corrugated steel tubing that is covered by polyethylene sheathing. It should not be confused with ____ ____ ____ or FAC, which has factory installed fittings and tubing that is visible, whereas the tubing is concealed by sheathing in CSST.
Corrugated Stainless Steel Tubing
flexible appliance connectors
202
Horizontal support intervals for CSST are ___ feet for 1/2” tubing and ___ feet for 3/4” or larger tubing.
6’
8’
203
Bending radius for CSST is at least ___” for 3/4” tubing and ___” for 1” and larger.
3”
5”
204
CSST may be installed into ____ ____ and ____ ____ but not into ____ ____ ____ or ____ ____.
appliance cabinets
masonry fireplaces
factory built fireplaces
moveable appliances
205
Most CSST should be bonded to the ____ ____ with a ____ AWG copper conductor. If required to be bonded it should usually have ____ or ____ colored sheathing.
grounding electrode
#6
yellow or orange
206
PVC and CPVC may not be used to distribute ____.
gas
207
Flexible appliance connectors (FAC) should not enter an appliance ____, pass through ____, ____, or ____, should not be stretched ____, be bent with a radius smaller than ____ inches, be ____, or be connected ____.
cabinet
walls, floors, ceilings
tight
1 1/2”
buried
together
208
____ colored FAC manufactured in the 1970’s may still be in service and are a known ____ hazard. They should be recommended for immediate ____.
Brass
leak
replacement
209
A ____ ____ is a configuration of solid gas pipe fittings intended to keep debris from entering appliances and restricting gas flow through the orifice or burners. If installed, they should be ____ the appliance and ____ from the shutoff valve.
sediment trap
near
downstream
210
A ____ ____ keeps moisture from entering a gas appliance and fouling or rusting the appliance. They are recommended if ____ gas is present, which is uncommon in present day.
drip leg/drip tee
wet
211
An accessible ____ ____ should be installed outdoors so gas can be ____ ____ to each building. It should be located on the ____ ____ of the gas meter for utility supplied gas or at the ____ for propane.
shutoff valve
shut off
supply side
tank
212
An accessible shutoff valve should be installed for most gas ____ and should be located in the same room and within ___ feet of the ____.
appliances
6’
appliance
213
Gas fireplaces and room heaters may have a shutoff valve installed in a ____ ____ so long as the valve is ____ ____ and ____ ____.
remote location
readily accessible
clearly labeled
214
Appliance shutoff valves may also be located at a gas distribution ____ provided that the valve is ____ ____, ____ ____, and within ___ feet of the appliance.
manifold
readily accessible
clearly labeled
50’
215
Gas pipe and tubing other than ____ ____ should be protected against physical damage when installed through ____ or ____ in ____. Shield plates should be installed if the hole in which pipe passes is closer than ____inches to the edge of a stud. They should also be installed if pipe passes through ____ or ____ plates and shield plate should extend ___ inches above bottom plate and ___ inches below top plate.
black steel
Notches or holes in framing
1 1/2”
top or bottom
4”
4”
216
____ ____ pipe should be protected against corrosion when installed outdoors and when installed through ____ ____.
black steel
concrete slabs
217
All gas pipe and tubing should be at least ___ inches above ground or above roof when run horizontally above ground or roof.
3 1/2”
218
Gas pipe and tubing should not be installed through underground ____ ____. If installed through above ground ____ it should be protected against ____. ____ installed through walls should do so through a sleeve such as ____.
foundation walls
walls
corrosion
CSST
PVC
219
Gas pipe terminating though a wall, floor, or ceiling should extend far enough to be ____ to install ____ and the unthreaded part of the pipe should extend at least ___ inches beyond a wall and ___ inches beyond a floor. If not connected to an appliance the pipe should be ____.
grasped
fittings
1”
2”
capped
220
If gas pipe and tubing is installed within concrete slab floors it should be installed in a ____ such as ____, which should be ____ outdoors, should extend at least ___ inches past the foundation outdoors, and both ends of which should be ____.
sleeve
PVC
ventilated
4”
sealed
221
Gas pipe and tubing may be buried if ____ ____ ____. Minimum burial depth is ___ inches for most pipe and tubing or ___ inches for gas lights and outdoor grills.
listed for burial
12”
8”
222
Gas pipe and tubing should not be installed in or through HVAC ____ or ____ ____, ____ ducts, laundry ____, ____, and appliance ____.
supply or return ducts
exhaust
chutes
chimneys
vents
223
Most gas systems use ____ pressure, about ___ psi. Some however, use ____ pressure, about ___ psi.
Low pressure, 1/4 psi
Medium pressure, 2 psi
224
Typical minimum distances between the gas regulator and components include: 3 ft to operable ____ and ____, to ____ sources, to ____ terminations, to gas appliance ____, and ___ ft to mechanical ____ ____ ____.
doors and windows
ignition
exhaust
vents
10’
air intake openings
225
If a gas meter is installed indoors, such as in a basement, there should be a pipe that ____ any gas released by the ____ to the outdoors, or it should be the ____ type.
vents
regulator
non-venting
226
Gas ____ ____ is out of scope of home inspection, however standard of care in some areas require ____ ____ equipment be used at accessible ____ to check for ____.
leak detection
leak detection
fittings
leaks
227
Above ground propane tanks should be ___ to ___ feet from the house and property line and at least ___ feet from an ignition source or mechanical air intake.
10’ to 15’
10’
228
Buried propane tanks should be at least ___ feet from houses, ignitions sources, and mechanical air intakes.
10’
229
Propane cylinders should be at least ___ feet from an ignition source or mechanical air intake.
10’
230
Above ground propane tanks and cylinders should be installed on a ____ ____ or ____ ____ and should be free of significant ____, ____, or ____ ____.
stable concrete or masonry pad
dents, rust, physical damage
231
Permanent propane tanks have components under the lid, including the ____ valve, ____, fuel ____, and ____ valve.
shutoff valve, regulator, fuel gauge, and relief valve.
232
Propane tanks or cylinders should not be located under an over head ____ ____.
service drop
233
Maximum oil tank capacity is ____ gallons. Above ground tanks should be on ____ legs and bear on a ____ ____ ____. The tank should be at least ___ feet from property lines and be equipped with an ____ ____ ____. Tanks should be protected from ____ ____.
660
noncombustible
stable concrete pad
5’
oil level gauge
physical damage
234
Indoor oil tanks should be at least ____ feet from the oil burner or other flame source. The tank should be equipped with an ____ ____ ____.
5’
oil level gauge
235
Underground oil tanks should be at least ____ ft from foundation and covered with ___ ft of soil.
1’
1’
236
Oil fill and vent pipes should be ____ ____, ____, or ____ ____ brass pipe. ____ fill and vent pipe may be allowed if part of a listed oil tank.
wrought iron, steel, schedule 40
plastic
237
Oil fill pipe should terminate outdoor at least ___ ft from any building opening at the same level and should be equipped with a ____ ____ cover. Minimum size is ___ inches but ___ inches is recommended.
2’
tight metal
1 1/2”
2”
238
Oil vent pipe should terminate outdoors at least ___ feet from any building opening at the same or lower level. The vent pipe should terminate in a ____ ____ or ____ as large as the ____ ____, usually done with a ____ fitting. Minimum oil vent pipe size is ___ inches.
2’
weatherproof cap or fitting
vent pipe
gooseneck
1 1/4”
239
____ and ____ components installed underground is out of scope of a home inspection, however inspectors practicing in areas where oil is used for heating may be expected to ____ and ____ visible ____ that could indicate the presence of underground oil storage tanks. Inspectors should consider ____ inspection of these components and recommending ____ by a ____.
locating and inspecting
identify and report visible clues
disclaiming
evaluation by a contractor
