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Pluralism and society Flashcards

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1
Q

Interfaith dialogue

A

The relationship/communication between different religions.

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2
Q

Aims of interfaith dialogue

A

To promote peace/understanding
Build relationships
Create mutual respect
Identify areas of tension
NOT TO CONVERT

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3
Q

What are the four strands of interfaith dialogue?

A

Daily life (informal conversations)

Common good (working together for common good of the community)

Mutual understanding (formal debates)

Spiritual life (praying/worshipping together)

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4
Q

David Ford on interfaith dialogue

A

Two events in history led to new directions in interfaith dialogue. The Holocaust and 9/11.

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5
Q

Catholics and interfaith dialogue

A

Redemptoris Missio focussed on Christian missionary work, and made it clear that the Christian mission to convert non-Christians remains essential.

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6
Q

Catholic quote

A

“Woe to me if I do not preach the gospel!”

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7
Q

Missionary

A

Someone who goes to a foreign country to spread their faith, with the aim to convert others

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8
Q

Globalisation

A

The increasing interconnections of global society in terms of social relations and consciousness across the world

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9
Q

Positive aspect of globalisation

A

Religious knowledge and belief systems aren’t isolated to particular cultures and geographical locations

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10
Q

Negative aspect of globalisation

A

It can cause tensions between cultures and has undermined cultural identity.

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11
Q

Hick on globalisation

A

All religions have a different understanding of God meaning that when they come together a better understanding of God can be developed

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12
Q

Pinker’s humanitarian principle

A

Humans get along better when each person takes into account the interests of others, on the assumption that we are rational beings capable of respect

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13
Q

The post-enlightenment mindset

A

Not judging a persons lifestyle unless it is harmful.

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14
Q

Pros of interfaith dialogue

A

Highlights similarities in religious beliefs.

Deepens the understanding of an individuals faith.

Safer communities.

Free self-expression.

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15
Q

Cons of interfaith dialogue

A

Might generate further tensions

Might be patronising and seem as if converting is happening.

There are already inequalities between religions in the UK.

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16
Q

Pros of scriptural reasoning movement

A

Encourages open mindedness

Inter-faith relationships

Allows people to freely express their faith with others who are like-minded

Encourages people to realise that their interpretation of scripture isn’t the only right way.

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17
Q

Cons of the scriptural reasoning movement

A

The emphasis on Jews, Muslims and Christians might exclude other religions

Focus on interpretations of scripture rather than faith means there is no way of coming to valid conclusions

Relies on a certain knowledge or expertise on behalf of participants

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18
Q

Issue with scriptural reasoning

A

Jews and Christians accept the Old Testament as authoritative, however Muslims don’t accept the Quran as being from God.

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19
Q

Paul Eddy

A

The idea that conversion should be banned from dialogue is contested by Paul Eddy, a Church of England member who inspired the creation of the ‘sharing the gospel of salvation’ document.

He claims there is a ‘strategic’ secular liberal project to ‘marginalise’ traditional religious belief by making it socially unacceptable.

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20
Q

What point does the CoE emphasise about the origins of Christianity in the UK in the gospel of salvation ?

A

Their own faith and salvation is due to the missionary efforts of others

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21
Q

What errors does the CoE recognise about missionaries who went overseas in the past in the gospel of salvation?

A

They didn’t live up to the teachings of the Bible, meaning it was culturally insensitive and political.

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22
Q

How does the CoE recommend that people share their faith in everyday life in the gospel of salvation?

A

By doing as Jesus did, living for the good of others rather than just telling them what to believe.

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23
Q

Quote supporting the CoE and gospel of salvation

A

“Love your neighbour as yourself”

Encourages Christians to be sensitive to others and not pressure them.

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24
Q

C. Hitchens on exclusivism

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A

C. Hitchens respond that social pressure on traditional exclusivism is justified because exclusivism causes social tensions & problems.

25
What is Scriptural Reasoning and who developed it?
Scriptural Reasoning was developed by Peter Ochs in Jewish theology post-Holocaust to broaden theological methods, incorporating postmodern and postliberal thought.
26
Who collaborated with Peter Ochs in developing Scriptural Reasoning?
Anglican theologians like David Ford, aiming to promote social cohesion through interfaith dialogue.
27
What does Scriptural Reasoning involve?
People of different faiths meet to read and discuss each other’s scriptures, sharing interpretations and meanings.
28
How does Scriptural Reasoning differ from liberal interfaith dialogue?
It avoids the relativism of liberal approaches that emphasize similarities and tolerance, instead embracing religious difference.
29
What is Ochs’ view on traditional Christian anti-liberalism?
He rejects it as too narrow, proposing a ‘post-liberal’ approach that values religious particularity.
30
How does Darren Sarisky define ‘post-liberalism’ in this context?
As preserving the uniqueness of each religion rather than reducing differences.
31
What are key rules of Scriptural Reasoning dialogue?
Participants can express deep love for their own faith; conversion and critique of other religions are prohibited.
32
What is the overall aim of Scriptural Reasoning?
To maintain genuine religious identity while fostering interfaith understanding and friendship.
33
What is De Costas criticism of the scripture reasoning movement?
Acriptural reasoning was relativistic: “there is a vaguely pluralistic agenda present.” – D’Costa. Criticising other religions and trying to convert them is part of religion. Dialogue cannot be genuinely interfaith if key aspects of faith aren’t permitted. D’Costa concludes that scriptural reasoning can’t avoid the relativism of liberal approaches.
34
How might the scripture reasoning movement be defended against D'Costa?
D’Costa would have a point if scriptural reasoning tried to ban conversion altogether from society, but it’s only recommending that dialogue sometimes purely focus on mutual understanding by excluding conversion. This is promoting mutual understanding, not relativism
35
What does John Paul II say about conversion?
Conversion is part of Christian faith, so genuine dialogue requires allowing it. John Paul II makes a similar point in Redemptoris Missio, that conversion is regarded negatively in mainstream culture. He says that in a free society people should feel allowed to convert so long as they do it with respect for the freedom of conscience of others.
36
What is a plausible approach to interfaith dialogue which criticises John Paul II?
The liberal strategy of a pluralist approach to dialogue with no conversion is best for society. Religious people should be free to ignore that and practice dialogue anyway they like, but they then deserve criticism for threatening social cohesion.
37
What is John Paul II’s view on Catholic inclusivism?
He argues Catholic inclusivism is the best approach to dialogue and conversion in the modern world. The view that Christianity holds the full truth and means of salvation, while other religions contain partial truth.
38
What did the Second Vatican Council say about other religions? (JP2)
It stated that other religions often contain 'rays of that truth' in their beliefs and ethics.
39
How does inclusivism influence Christian attitudes to interfaith dialogue?
It encourages open-mindedness and tolerance, as there is genuine truth to be learned from other religions.
40
What does John Paul II say about respectful interfaith dialogue?
He describes it as 'mutually enriching' and capable of eliminating prejudice and intolerance.
41
Does John Paul II believe the Catholic Church has a unique role?
Yes, he asserts the Catholic Church alone possesses the 'fullness' of the means of salvation.
42
What scripture does JP2 use to support evangelism?
He cites St Paul: ‘Woe to me if I do not preach the gospel’ (1 Corinthians 9).
43
Should Christians try to convert others during dialogue, according to JP2?
Yes, he believes conversion can be a goal of dialogue and that there is 'no conflict' between conversion and interfaith dialogue.
44
What benefit does JP2 say dialogue brings to Christians themselves?
He says 'Dialogue leads to inner purification and conversion.'
45
How does Kung offer an alternative to interfaith dialogue/conversion?
Kung thinks dialogue should focus on the similarities between the ethics of different religions to create a ‘global ethic’, involving things like the golden rule, non-violence & respect for life If dialogue can emphasise shared foundational ethical views, it will better enable different religions to feel kinship with each other.
46
What is 'Sharing the Gospel of Salvation'?
A Church of England document about how Christians should relate to people of other faiths in a multi-faith society.
47
What does the document (SGOS) conclude about conversion and dialogue?
It states that conversion and dialogue are valid and not in conflict.
48
What prompted the creation of the document (SGOS)?
It followed Paul Eddy’s address to the Synod, calling for the Church to affirm the importance of conversion.
49
What traditional belief does the document affirm (SGOS)?
That Jesus has a unique role in salvation and the Church’s highest calling is to proclaim him.
50
What does Rowan Williams say about the Church’s evangelism history (SGOS)?
He admits it has been bullying in the past, leading to suspicion about conversion today.
51
How does Williams suggest we respond to difficulties with evangelism (SGOS)?
By learning how to evangelise appropriately in the modern world, not by abandoning conversion.
52
What does the document say about viewing non-Christians (SGOS)?
They should not be seen as targets of an advertising campaign.
53
What is said about scriptural reasoning and other forms of dialogue (SGOS)?
Scriptural reasoning is helpful, but dialogue that includes conversion is also valid.
54
What model of evangelism does the document recommend (SGOS)?
Christians should live virtuous lives, reflecting Jesus, to attract others by example.
55
How does the document link evangelism to the common good (SGOS)?
Living faithfully and working for the common good can naturally create opportunities for conversion.
56
What overall approach does the document recommend for balancing dialogue and evangelism (SGOS)?
Live virtuous lives, engage in respectful dialogue, and let faith naturally lead others to Christianity.
57
How does Knitter criticise SGOS?
Knitter is a pluralist who argues that the attempts of mainstream Christianity to adapt to the modern world have not gone far enough. The recent emphasis on dialogue is good, but combining it with conversion is ‘contradictory’. Knitter’s Pluralism holds that the true core of all religions is a commitment to peace and justice. Non-pluralist attitudes to other faiths have helped to justify imperialism and colonialism and thus “get in the way” of peace.
58
Knitter quote on the dangers of conversion
“Christian supremacy is just as dangerous as white supremacy”

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