Pluralist 40 Flashcards
(28 cards)
What is pluralism in political theory?
A political theory suggesting power is dispersed among a wide range of individuals, groups, and institutions.
How do pluralists view the role of interest groups in democracy?
They argue that democracy functions effectively when competing interest groups influence decision-making.
What is the purpose of power according to pluralists?
To maintain stability and promote change in society.
What is the function of the government and legal system in pluralism?
Seen as neutral arbiters balancing different interests and ensuring smooth societal functioning.
Who introduced the concept of ‘deformed polyarchy’?
Dahl.
What does ‘deformed polyarchy’ suggest about power distribution?
Some groups wield more influence than others, weakening the pluralist claim of equal access to power.
What do critics argue about pluralism’s view on social roles?
It is overly deterministic and assumes social roles are fixed and beneficial for all.
According to Marxists, what do institutions do in relation to power?
They reinforce the dominance of the ruling class rather than serve everyone equally.
What are Althusser’s concepts of ISA and RSA?
Ideological State Apparatus and Repressive State Apparatus, which maintain a false class consciousness.
How do pluralists view power in relation to social change?
As a resource that can be expanded and mobilised for achieving shared goals.
What is ‘power inflation’ in the context of pluralism?
Trust in democratic institutions allows for more inclusive political engagement and reform.
What do critics argue about entrenched power structures?
They often prevent meaningful change and protect elite interests.
What is C. Wright Mills’ theory regarding power?
The ‘power elite’ theory asserts that power is concentrated in a small, interconnected group.
What do pluralists believe legitimises political power?
When it reflects the will of the people.
What are Weber’s three types of authority?
- Traditional
- Charismatic
- Legal-rational
How does rational-legal authority underpin democracy according to pluralists?
It ensures accountability and strengthens social stability.
What challenges the pluralist assumption of consensus?
The existence of protests, pressure groups, and civil disobedience.
What do radical feminists argue against pluralism?
Power operates through patriarchal structures that keep women subordinate.
What is the Marxist view on the distribution of power?
Power is concentrated in the hands of the bourgeoisie who control the state.
How do Marxists perceive the role of government?
As an instrument of class rule rather than a neutral umpire.
What real-world example supports the Marxist critique of pluralism?
The UK’s current Prime Minister is among the wealthiest MPs ever.
What does Oxfam report about wealth distribution?
A small number of billionaires own more wealth than half of humanity.
What do critics say about Marxism’s perspective?
It can be too deterministic and pessimistic, underestimating individual agency.
What do successful pressure groups demonstrate against elite control?
Change is possible through campaigns for policy changes.
