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Radiology 142 > Plus minus chart > Flashcards

Plus minus chart Flashcards

(101 cards)

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1
Q

What is the degree of blackening?

A

Density

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2
Q

What is the number of different shades of gray?

A

contrast resolution

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3
Q

What is the misrepresentation of size or shape of an object?

A

Distortion

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4
Q

What is the sharpness of structural lines?

A

recorded detail

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5
Q

What is the ability to image small parts?

A

spatial resolution

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6
Q

Distortion is controlled by what?

A

distance (SID)/angle of tube

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7
Q

Recorded detail is affected by?

A

SID, OID, Patient thickness

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8
Q

Distortion and recorded detail are related how?

A

inversely- when one increases/decreases opposite happens to the other

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9
Q

What is mAs?

A

the number of xrays

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10
Q

If mAs increases what happens to density?

A

increases (it is proportional)

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11
Q

If mAs increases what happens to patient dose?

A

patient dose increases because the amount of xrays going to the patient is higher

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12
Q

If mAs increases what happens to contrast?

A

no effect

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13
Q

If mAs increases what happens to distortion?

A

no effect because there is no change in distance or angle on tube

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14
Q

If mAs increases what happens to recorded detail/spatial res?

A

no effect (ex: sign on road at night its still there just gets darker)

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15
Q

If time (exposure time) increases what happens to density?

A

increases because image gets darker as exposure increases

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16
Q

If time (exposure time) increases what happens to contrast?

A

no effect

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17
Q

If time (exposure time) increases what happens to distortion?

A

no effect

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18
Q

If time (exposure time) increases what happens to recorded detail/spatial res?

A

decreases, expose longer= more time for patient to move= image gets blurry

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19
Q

If time (exposure time) increases what happens to patient dose?

A

increases

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20
Q

If kVp increases what happens to density?

A

increases, if kvp increases mas is halved if kvp decreases mas is doubled (15% rule)

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21
Q

If kVp increases what happens to contrast?

A

Decreases

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22
Q

If kVp increases what happens to patient dose?

A

decreases, if kvp increases there is more penetrability = less patient dose, if kvp decreases there is less penetrability= more patient dose

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23
Q

If kVp increases what happens to distortion?

A

no effect

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24
Q

If kVp increases what happens to recorded detail/spatial res?

A

no effect (image is still recorded doesn’t matter if we see it because its still there)

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25
What controlls kVp?
contrast/scatter/penetrability
26
High kvp=_____ scale
short
27
Low kvp=____ scale
long
28
If SID increases what happens to density?
decreases (less beam at the IR)
29
If SID increases what happens to contrast?
no effect
30
If SID increases what happens to patient dose?
decreases (the greater the SID the less dose)
31
If SID increases what happens to distortion?
decreases (greater SID= decreases magnification)
32
If SID increases what happens to recorded detail/spatial res?
Increases (inversely related to distortion)
33
If OID increases what happens to density?
no effect
34
If OID increases what happens to contrast?
increases (if air gap) no effect if regular
35
If OID increases what happens to patient dose?
no effect
36
If OID increases what happens to distortion?
increases
37
If OID increases what happens to recorded detail/spatial res?
decreases (inversely related to distortion)
38
Higher OID= _____ contrast
shorter
39
Roles of OID?
Air gap technique, acts as a grid
40
If Patient thickness increases what happens to density?
decreases
41
If Patient thickness increases what happens to contrast?
decreases (more scatter=decrease contrast)
42
If Patient thickness increases what happens to patient dose?
increases
43
If Patient thickness increases what happens to distortion?
increases (more OID)
44
If Patient thickness increases what happens to recorded detail/spatial res?
decreases (inversely related to distortion)
45
For a thicker patient you would use ____ kvp which equals ____ scatter?
more, more
46
OID _____ if patient thickness increases?
increases
47
If field size (collimation) increases what happens to density?
increases (open film is blacker)
48
If field size (collimation) increases what happens to contrast?
decreases (expose more tissue= more scatter)
49
If field size (collimation) increases what happens to patient dose?
increases
50
If field size (collimation) increases what happens to distortion?
no effect
51
If field size (collimation) increases what happens to recorded detail/spatial res?
no effect (effects visibility but the image is still there)
52
If voltage waveform increases happens to density?
increase (more xrays in beam= more penetrability)
53
If voltage waveform increases happens to contrast?
decrease
54
If voltage waveform increases happens to patient dose?
decrease
55
If voltage waveform increases happens to distortion?
no effect
56
If voltage waveform increases happens to recorded detail/spatial res?
no effect (image is still recorded doesn't matter if we can see it)
57
Ripple half wave is?
100%
58
full wave?
100%
59
3 phase 6 pulse?
14%
60
3 phase 12 pulse?
4%
61
high frequency?
1%
62
If less ripple=____ technique needed?
lower
63
If filtration increases what happens to density?
decreases (less photons hitting the IR)
64
If filtration increases what happens to contrast?
decreases ( higher energy beam hits IR= high scale contrast=less gray)
65
If filtration increases what happens to patient dose?
decreases
66
If filtration increases what happens to distortion?
no effect
67
If filtration increases what happens to recorded detail/spatial res?
no effect (image is still recorded)
68
High scale contrast=_____ gray
less
69
If grid ratio increases what happens to density?
decreases (less photons hitting the IR)
70
If grid ratio increases what happens to contrast?
increase (reducing scatter allows higher energy photons to hit the IR)
71
If grid ratio increases what happens to patient dose?
increases
72
If grid ratio increases what happens to distortion?
no effect
73
If grid ratio increases what happens to recorded detail/spatial res?
no effect
74
The job of the grid ratio is to?
increase contrast
75
If focal spot size increases what happens to density?
no effect
76
If focal spot size increases what happens to contrast?
no effect
77
If focal spot size increases what happens to patient dose?
no effect
78
If focal spot size increases what happens to distortion?
no effect (no angle or change in distance)
79
If focal spot size increases what happens to recorded detail/spatial res?
decrease (smaller focal spot= more recorded detail, bigger focal spot=worse detail)
80
Focal spot size is a determining factor that effects?
spatial resolution
81
Where is the effective focal spot located?
@ tube window
82
Where is the actual focal spot located?
anode
83
If contrast media increases what happens to density?
decreases (less density if more contrast)
84
If contrast media increases what happens to contrast?
increases
85
If contrast media increases what happens to patient dose?
no effect
86
If contrast media increases what happens to distortion?
no effect
87
If contrast media increases what happens to recorded detail/spatial res?
no effect ( adding contrast doesn't change recorded detail it makes it easier to see detail)
88
If film speed increases what happens to density?
increases (doubles density)
89
If film speed increases what happens to contrast?
no effect (darks and lights decreases but the space between stays the same)
90
If film speed increases what happens to patient dose?
decreases
91
If film speed increases what happens to distortion?
no effect
92
If film speed increases what happens to recorded detail/spatial res?
decreases (reduces detail)
93
If film speed increases use ____ xrays?
fewer
94
Increase film speed= ____ sensitive
more
95
Film speed controls the?
number of xrays (ma/time/mAs)
96
If screen speed increases what happens to density?
increases
97
If screen speed increases what happens to contrast?
no effect
98
If screen speed increases what happens to patient dose?
decreases
99
If screen speed increases what happens to distortion?
no effect
100
If screen speed increases what happens to recorded detail/spatial res?
decreases
101
Soft tissue and extremity use what technique?
low kVp high mAs

Radiology 142 (5 decks)

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