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PMCH SEM > PMCH (2024) #2 > Flashcards

PMCH (2024) #2 Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. An individual who has contact with or manifests the risk factor prior to becoming ill is called:
    A. Well
    B. Exposed
    C. Inflicted
    D. Infected
A
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2
Q
  1. Within 30 seconds from the delivery of the newborn, which of the following activities should be done according to the Essential Newborn Care protocol?
    A. Do eye care
    B. Give necessary vaccinations
    C. Dry the newborn thoroughly
    D. Remove the vernix completely
A
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3
Q
  1. Which of the following is/are considered characteristic(s) of Primary Health Care?
    A. Acceptable and affordable
    B. All of the choices are correct
    C. Emphasizes self-reliance and self-determination
    D. Community based
A
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4
Q
  1. Creation of decent work and appropriate compensation for health professionals and other health personnel working at the primary health care level has which of the following outcomes according to the 2018 Declaration on Primary Health Care?
    A. Improved retention and availability of health workers in rural and remote areas to ensure access for all people to the right care at the right time at the most appropriate level of care
    B. To offer training and education of the primary health care workforce
    C. Effective response to people’s health needs to ensure access for all people to the right care at the right time at the most appropriate level of care
    D. To prevent international migration from undermining the country’s ability to meet the health needs of the population
A
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5
Q
  1. Which of the following statements correctly refers to the biopsychosocial approach to illness?
    A. In the biopsychosocial approach, the single individual is considered to be the lowest unit of the social hierarchy
    B. It attempts to replace the traditional method of diagnosis and management
    C. It maintains that a single illness or condition cannot be reduced to any one aspect as being either biological, psychological, or socio-cultural
    D. It focuses on an assessment of cultural and environmental concerns and deals with less biomedical problems
A
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6
Q
  1. The property of a test to identify the proportion of truly ill persons in a population who are identified as ill by a screening test is called:
    A. Positive Predictive Value
    B. Sensitivity
    C. Specificity
    D. Negative Predictive Value
A
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7
Q
  1. The District Hospital in Bohol has no capacity to perform an MRI to diagnose a patient with headaches. The nearest tertiary hospital with MRI services is in Cebu. The family could not afford to travel to Cebu for the MRI. What barrier to health care utilization is most evident?
    A. Financial barrier
    B. Physical barrier
    C. Medical barrier
    D. Language barrier
A
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8
Q
  1. In research sampling, selecting participants who are the most available or easiest to recruit is called:
    A. Purposive sampling
    B. Convenience sampling
    C. Quota sampling
    D. Snowball sampling
A
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9
Q
  1. All of the following are true of the normal distribution EXCEPT:
    A. It is symmetrical about the mean
    B. It is completely determined by two parameters: the mean and the standard deviation
    C. It has different values for the mean, median, and mode
    D. It has long tapering tails that extend infinitely in either direction without touching the x-axis
A
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10
Q
  1. Which of the following depends vitally on the empowerment of individuals to challenge and change the unfair and steeply graded distribution of social resources to which everyone has equal claims and rights?
    A. Policy coherence
    B. Social cohesion
    C. Health equity
    D. Health promotion
A
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11
Q
  1. All of the following are potential benefits of a randomized clinical trial, except
    A. Self-selection for a particular treatment is eliminated
    B. The likelihood that the study groups will be comparable is increased
    C. Assignment of the next subject cannot be predicted
    D. External validity of the study is increased
A
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12
Q
  1. This stage in the family illness trajectory is concerned with disclosure of the diagnosis to a patient and his or her family members:
    A. Major therapeutic efforts
    B. Impact phase
    C. Early adjustment to outcome
    D. Onset of illness
A
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13
Q
  1. Which of the following defines a health system?
    A. A health system comprises organizations and institutions acknowledged by the government and resources devoted to producing actions whose primary intent is to improve health
    B. Interrelated system in which a country organizes available resources for the maintenance and improvement of health
    C. The Local Government Unit fulfilling its mandate to provide primary care at the grassroots level
    D. The Department of Health carrying the sole responsibility to provide health for the people
    E. All of the choices are correct
A
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14
Q
  1. Which strategy is a primary care level intervention to combat typhoid?
    A. Have IV solutions for pediatric and adult patients at the CHD
    B. Vaccinate against typhoid and cholera
    C. Have antiparasitic medicines
    D. None of the choices is correct
    E. Have typhidot-M kits
A
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15
Q
  1. Organisms that transmit diseases are called:
    A. Vectors
    B. Pathogens
    C. Reservoirs
    D. Hosts
A
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16
Q
  1. This family assessment tool is very important in assessing the capacity of the family to participate in the provision of health care:
    A. Family circle
    B. SCREEM
    C. Family APGAR
    D. Family genogram
A
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17
Q
  1. You must use an “arrow” symbol in your patient’s genogram to signify:
    A. Head of the family
    B. Breadwinner of the family
    C. Index patient
    D. Death in the family
A
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18
Q
  1. This is a list of behaviors, characteristics, or other entities that the researcher is looking for:
    A. Open-ended questions
    B. Checklist
    C. Survey
    D. Rating scale
A
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19
Q
  1. Community organizing includes the following EXCEPT:
    A. Implementing a preassigned program of the LGU in the barangay
    B. Management and evaluation
    C. Building contacts
    D. Leaving the community afterwards
A
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20
Q
  1. Protection of health by personal and communal efforts, such as enhancing nutritional status, providing immunizations, and eliminating environmental risks are actions usually done in what level of prevention?
    A. Secondary level of prevention
    B. Primary level of prevention
    C. Tertiary level of prevention
    D. Primordial level of prevention
A
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21
Q
  1. The following are measures of disease frequency, except:
    A. Prevalence
    B. Cumulative incidence
    C. Relative Risk
    D. Incidence rate
A
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22
Q
  1. A health care system should be able to address the following:
    A. Provide equitable access to people-centered care
    B. All of the choices are correct
    C. Defend the population against what threatens their health
    D. Improve the health status of individuals, families, and communities
A
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23
Q
  1. Monitoring of water quality is a concern of which unit of the municipality?
    A. MWSS
    B. Rural Health Unit
    C. City Planning and Development
    D. Solid Waste Management Council
A
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24
Q
  1. A class of research methods that involve observation of all of a population, or a representative subset, at one specific point in time is called:
    A. Randomized controlled trial
    B. Cohort study
    C. Cross-sectional study
    D. Case-control study
A
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25
26. Prior myocardial infarction status can be classified in several ways. If it is classified as either 1 - with or 2 - without previous history of MI, then it is: A. Independent variable B. Categorical variable C. Dependent variable D. Numeric variable
26
27. A score of 7 on the family APGAR indicates: A. Mildly dysfunctional B. Highly functional C. Severely dysfunctional D. Moderately dysfunctional
27
28. These are circumstances in which people are born, grow up, live, work, and age, and the systems put in place to deal with illness: A. Health care delivery indicators B. Health indicators C. Social determinants of health D. Quality of life indicators
28
29. Which of the following is an example of demographic information assessing the status of the population at a particular point in time? A. Number of births B. Number of births (duplicate choice) C. Age D. Migration patterns of people
29
30. Which of the following is NOT included in the WHO recommendations for performing a screening test? A. Recommendations for repeating the screening test at regular intervals must be determined B. Screen only for diseases that pose a significant health problem C. Use a screening test that has at least a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 80% compared to a gold standard D. Screen for a disease that has a detectable early stage
30
31. Based on the levels of water systems in the Philippines, stand-alone water points, e.g., handpumps, shallow wells, rainwater collectors, correspond to which level? A. Level 1 B. Level 2 C. Level 3 D. Level 4
31
32. This refers to the sudden unexpected increase in incidence of disease usually defined within a specific or several geographical locations: A. Outbreak B. Epidemic C. Cluster D. Endemic E. Pandemic
32
33. Which is a reliable sign that the baby is not getting enough milk? A. Long breastfeeding hours B. Baby is not satisfied C. Hard, dry, green stools D. Poor weight gain
33
34. A Total Fertility Rate greater than 2 means: A. A decreasing population B. A stagnant population C. An elderly population D. A growing population
34
35. This type of study is appropriate for studying diseases that are influenced by social conditions in a community setting: A. Randomized controlled trial B. Clinical trial C. Field trial D. Community trial
35
36. Values that can fall anywhere corresponding to points on a line segment are: A. Quantitative B. Discrete C. Numeric D. Continuous
36
37. The set of all measurements of interest to a researcher is called: A. Sample B. Variable C. Population D. Mean
37
38. Understanding the Philippine Health Care Referral System, which of the choices best describes the standard referral flow of our Health Care System (DOH)? A. Community → Barangay Health Station → Rural Health Unit → District Hospital B. Municipal Health Center → Rural Health Unit → Barangay Health Station C. Community → Barangay Health Station → Provincial Hospital → Municipal Health Center D. Barangay Health Station → Municipal Health Center → Provincial Hospital
38
39. This refers to the harmful or hazardous use of psychoactive substances: A. Drug addiction B. Alcohol abuse C. Drug abuse D. Substance abuse
39
40. The process in which an author (or authors) submits a written manuscript or article to a journal for publication is called: A. Redundant publications B. Peer review C. Confidentiality D. Plagiarism
40
41. The London cholera epidemic of 1848 was traced to the Broad Street pump by: A. Graunt B. Snow C. Hill D. Farr
41
42. The main factor(s) affecting distribution of resources, health services, and power is/are: A. Corruption B. Social inequality C. Marketing D. Equity
42
43. These are a collection of strategies that represent the best available evidence to prevent or reduce public health problems: A. Technical packages B. Clinical practice guidelines C. Health algorithms D. Primary health care program
43
44. Which of the following would increase the risk of getting an inaccurate association between an exposure and an outcome? A. If the researcher accounted and eliminated all possible sources of bias B. All of the choices are correct C. If the researcher accounted and eliminated all possible sources of confounding D. If participants do not represent the population being studied
44
45. CD4 count per liter of peripheral blood is said to be what type of variable? A. Independent variable B. Categorical variable C. Numerical variable D. Dependent variable E. Laboratory variable
45
46. It is the number of death cases in a year per 1000 of the population: A. Infant mortality rate B. Fertility rate C. Crude death rate D. Morbidity rate
46
47. In epidemiology, we use a set of standard criteria for deciding whether a person has a particular disease or other health-related condition called: A. Clinical Practice Guidelines B. Case Definition C. Incidence Proportion D. Evidence Based Medicine
47
48. Refers to the progression of a disease process in an individual over time, in the absence of treatment: A. Natural history of disease B. Latency period C. Incubation D. Burden of disease E. Spectrum of disease
48
49. Birth of an infant is said to be pre-term if delivery occurs at how many weeks of gestation? A. Above 37 weeks of gestation B. From 37 to 40 weeks of gestation C. Above 40 weeks of gestation D. Before 37 weeks of gestation
49
50. This is a branch of medicine that deals with providing comprehensive health care to people regardless of age or sex: A. Family medicine B. Community medicine C. Public health D. Preventive medicine
50
51. The first contact of the community and the initial link to the health chain is the: A. Public health midwife B. Public health nurse C. Barangay health worker D. Rural health physician
51
51. Characteristic of a Stage 3 population pyramid: A. All of the choices are correct B. Declining birth rate C. Less people living to old age D. High death rate
52
52. In the Primary Health Care setting, which of the following is true? A. All of the choices are correct B. Barangay Health Stations are considered as 1st level care while the Rural Health Unit is 2nd level care C. Community level is considered as 1st level care while the Barangay Health Station is 2nd level D. Rural Health Units are considered as 1st level care while the District Hospitals are 2nd level care
53
53. The Sustainable Development Goals is a universal call to action which aims to achieve which of the following? A. Decrease poverty B. All of the choices are correct C. Promote sustainable use of only fossil fuels D. Ensure peace and prosperity for all people
54
54. Included in the PLISSIT model: A. Logical interpretation B. Interaction C. Specific suggestions D. Population
55
55. The proportion of disease incidence that can be attributed to a specific exposure is called: A. Potential risk B. Relative risk C. Attributable risk D. Odds ratio
56
56. Characteristic(s) of qualitative data collection methods include: A. They tend to be open-ended and have less structured protocols B. They rely heavily on a definite set of questions and responses C. Unable to use triangulation to increase the credibility of the findings D. Findings are generalizable to all populations
57
57. Any emergency where capacity and resources of the community are adequate for emergency response is called: A. Major emergency B. Hazard C. Minor emergency D. Disaster
58
58. The Barangay Health Center gives vaccination to children. Which of the four essential functions of a health system does this represent? A. Resource generation B. Service provision C. Stewardship D. Financing
59
59. The health indicator with the largest difference between developed and developing countries is: A. Under-five mortality B. Maternal mortality C. Neonatal mortality D. Perinatal mortality
60
60. There is a need to prioritize because: A. Resources are finite B. There are more important problems C. There is a due process D. We prioritize easier doable tasks regardless of urgency
61
61. The following are examples of first order changes of the Family in Later Life: A. Adjusting to their age-related physiologic decline B. All of the choices are correct C. Reexamining their living arrangements (second order) D. Participating in group activities such as bingo, social, or ballroom dancing clubs (second order)
62
62. This family assessment tool is very useful for learning about family structure but has limited role in assessing family problems: A. Family APGAR B. Family Circle C. Family Genogram D. SCREEM
63
63. Route of administration of DTP: A. Intramuscular B. Intradermal C. Subdermal D. Oral
64
64. The family life cycle starts with this stage: A. Family with adolescents B. Family with young children C. Unattached young adult D. Newly married couple
65
65. The purpose is to limit the incidence of disease by controlling causes and risk factors: A. Primary prevention B. Tertiary prevention C. Secondary prevention D. Primordial prevention
66
66. The relation between exposure and disease is considered to be causal or etiological in the following, except: A. Temporal relation B. Cessation of exposure C. Dose-response relation D. No confounding
67
67. True about prevention of disease: A. Tertiary prevention involves rehabilitation in the late stage of the disease B. Primordial prevention is useful in the early stage of the disease C. Primary prevention deals with the underlying economic, social and environmental conditions leading to causation D. Secondary prevention is achieved through public health policy
68
68. Route of administration of Measles vaccine (Subcutaneous): A. Intramuscular B. Subcutaneous C. Oral D. Intradermal
69
69. Which among the following is NOT a measure of dispersion? A. Coefficient of variation B. Variance C. Range D. Mode
70
70. In the biopsychosocial model, which among these strategies deal with the SOCIAL dimension of the patient’s illness? A. Probing the patient for possible stressors in his/her life B. Exploring the patient and the family’s coping tactics C. Constructing a genogram to determine the patient’s genetic predispositions D. Conducting a home visit to see the patient’s home situation and local environment
71
71. In this type of cohort study, both the exposure and the outcomes have already occurred: A. Experimental study B. Follow-up cohort study C. Retrospective cohort study D. Prospective cohort study
72
72. It is the principle of doing, or permitting, no foreseeable harm including infringement of rights as a consequence of the research: A. Respect for persons B. Justice C. Non-maleficence D. Beneficence E. Ad hominem
73
73. This family assessment tool is a rapid screening instrument for family dysfunction: A. Family Circle B. Family APGAR C. Family genogram D. SCREEM
74
74. This change is called a “need to do”: A. Second order change B. Fourth order change C. First order change D. Third order change
75
75. Which of the following problems can be detected and addressed during quality assurance in research? A. There is a well-identified mechanism to document changes in procedures during the investigation B. Definite and clear instructions on calibrating the data collection equipment C. There is certainty of timing, methods, and persons responsible for data collection and review D. There is a vague description of the data collection instrument to be used
76
76. In which of the following will high quality and timely data provided by information technology be useful in primary health care? A. All of the choices are correct B. Monitoring of health system performance C. Improve coordination of care D. Disease surveillance
77
77. To test for association between a risk factor and the target outcome, one can compute which of the following? A. Analysis of Variance B. Average C. Odds ratio D. Mean E. T-Test
78
78. Health education is a combination of learning experiences designed to: A. Gain popularity B. Facilitate voluntary adaptation of behavior conducive to health C. Be done in the clinical setting only D. Replace the need for community projects
79
79. The following shall use generic terminology according to the Generics Act: A. Government physicians B. All of the choices are correct C. Veterinarians D. Dentists
80
80. Standard regimen for drug-resistant tuberculosis includes which of the following drugs NOT used in Category I and II patients: A. Streptomycin (S) B. Rifampicin (R) C. Levofloxacin D. Ethambutol (E)
81
81. Which of the following is/are recommended interventions against malaria transmission control? A. Vaccination B. All of the choices are correct C. Fogging D. Residual space spraying
82
82. Continued surveillance of established endemic areas is conducted for how long after mass treatment? A. 5 weeks B. 3-5 years C. 5 months D. 5 days
83
83. Doctors to the Barrios and RNHeals are programs aimed to address which of the following? A. Poverty B. Access to health facilities C. Human resource for health D. Delivery of essential drugs and technologies
84
84. This family set-up is characterized by unquestioned obedience to parents: A. Dysfunctional family B. Authoritarian set-up C. Family with coalitions D. Democratic set-up
85
85. The childbearing capacity of the population is represented by women of childbearing age defined as: A. 18 to 43 years B. 15 to 49 years C. 18 to 50 years D. 15 to 43 years
86
86. In the family APGAR, “resolve” is elicited by: A. Inquiring if the patient is given adequate time by the members of the family B. Asking if the family supports the patient in his desire for progress C. Looking into the patient's desire to openly communicate problems with the family D. Asking if the patient feels loved by family members
87
87. Factors and resources essential to the health of communities and individuals include: A. High illiteracy rate B. Access to nutritious foods C. Community norms and vices D. Social inequality
88
88. Determine cost in terms of utilities, especially quantity and quality of life: A. Cost utility B. Cost benefit C. Cost minimization D. Cost effectiveness
89
89. A case which is identified as having the disease under investigation due to presenting symptoms and close contact to a laboratory-confirmed case is labeled as: A. Clinically confirmed case B. Epidemiologically linked case C. Suspect case D. Laboratory confirmed case E. Probable case
90
90. The PEARL test means: A. Proper, Economics, Acceptability, Resources, Legality B. Propriety, Ethical, Acceptability, Resources, Legality C. Propriety, Economics, Acceptability, Resources, Legality D. Propriety, Economics, Acceptability, Realistic
91
91. Bancroftian filariasis is associated with the cultivation of which plant product? A. All of the choices are correct B. Tobacco C. Abaca D. Hemp
92
92. Another name for ranking scale, it has an implicit order relationship: A. Ratio scales B. Ordinal C. Nominal D. Interval
93
93. The proportion of cases of a specified disease or condition which are fatal within a specified time is called: A. Death rate B. Morbidity rate C. Proportionate mortality D. Case fatality rate
94
94. Principle applied when the participants are not revealed to anyone but the researcher and staff: A. Ethics B. Discretion C. Anonymity D. Confidentiality
95
95. Death of an infant less than 28 days after birth is: A. Postneonatal mortality B. Perinatal mortality C. Neonatal mortality D. Under 1 mortality
96
96. Symbolized by 3 parallel lines, this shows that a family member tends to get overinvolved with the affairs of the other person: A. Coalition B. Disengagement C. Enmeshment / Fused D. Triangulation
97
97. It is the degree to which an instrument measures what it is intended to measure: A. Accuracy B. Reliability C. Validity D. Sensitivity
98
98. The following have negative and detrimental impact on health, except: A. Increased GNP B. Promotion of Tourism C. Political upheavals D. Civil obedience
99
99. Pertains to persistently high levels of disease occurrence: A. Hyperendemic B. Outbreak C. Uncontrolled spread D. Endemic
100
100. A family lives together under one roof. It includes both parents, 4 grandparents, the parent's children, and the parent's grandchildren. This type of family is called: A. Blended B. Corporate C. Extended D. Nuclear

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