PMHNP2 Flashcards
(254 cards)
1
Q
What term describes a scientific study that gathers multiple studies and analyzes them to draw a larger conclusion?
A
Systematic review
2
Q
Borderline personality disorder falls under which cluster of personality disorder traits?
A
Cluster B
3
Q
Which class of medications would be most appropriate for treating a patient stabilized on haldol that is exhibiting mild pseudo-parkinson’s symptoms?
A
Muscarinic 1 agonist
4
Q
What type of EPS is suspected in a patient on haldol who reports restlessness and inability to remain still?
A
Akathisia
5
Q
Which part of Medicare provides optional coverage for beneficiaries?
A
Part C
6
Q
Which area of the brain is NOT contained in the cerebrum?
A
Brainstem
7
Q
What is morphogenesis in a family systems context?
A
A family’s tendency to adapt to change when changes are necessary
8
Q
How does the body remove both serotonin and norepinephrine from the synaptic cleft?
A
An active reuptake process
9
Q
What medication effectively treats both vasomotor symptoms and depression in menopausal women?
A
Desvenlafaxine/Pristiq (SNRI)
10
Q
Which personality disorder is most likely to have fantasies of success?
A
Narcissistic
11
Q
Who should receive a shingles vaccine?
A
Anyone over the age of 60 who has had chickenpox
12
Q
Some states use the umbrella term advanced practice nurse to refer to all of the following except which one?
A
Mid-level providers
13
Q
What are eating disorders characterized by?
A
Disordered patterns of eating, accompanied by distress, disparagement, preoccupation, and a distorted perception of one’s body shape
14
Q
Give 3 examples of specific objectives related to the effective use of electronic health records tied to financial awards for hospitals.
A
- Electronic prescribing
- Electronic medication interaction checks
- Computerized provider order entry
15
Q
What is actus reus in the context of criminal acts?
A
Voluntary conduct
16
Q
Which complementary & alternative medicine technique is based on manipulating the flow of energy throughout the body?
A
Acupuncture
17
Q
Who authored the report Crossing the Quality Chasm?
A
Institute of Medicine
18
Q
Is a durable power of attorney limited to terminal illness only?
A
No
19
Q
What term describes a system where the insurer is not only the payer but also the provider of care?
A
Managed care
20
Q
What term best describes a public agency that uses its bargaining power to negotiate competitive prices for health insurance?
A
Health alliance
21
Q
Freud would argue that adults who use ‘biting’ sarcasm as a defense mechanism are fixated in which psychosexual stage of development?
A
Oral
22
Q
What term is used to describe patients who injure themselves by self-mutilation but do not wish to die?
A
Parasuicide
23
Q
What most accurately describes an individual with avoidant personality disorder?
A
These patients are timid and easily wounded by criticism from others
24
Q
What are 3 reasons for homelessness?
A
- Mental illness
- Poverty
- Inadequate public assistance
25
What is the primary goal of the AMA’s scope of practice partnership initiative?
To limit patients’ choice of which healthcare provider they can see for treatment
26
As a nurse practitioner, you are expected to be competent in what areas?
* Policy
* Practice inquiry
* Technology and information literacy
27
What term describes a digital version of a patient’s medical file?
Electronic health record
28
What term describes the death rate for a given population?
Mortality rate
29
What action takes place during the working phase of a therapeutic relationship?
Clarifying patient expectations and mutually identifying goals
30
At what age would you expect a child to sit alone with good coordination, imitate scribble, develop mild separation anxiety, and respond to social play such as peek-a-boo?
40 weeks or about 8 months old
31
What are the physical exam findings of Rett syndrome?
* Seizures
* Irregular respirations
* Scoliosis
32
What endocrine findings are suggestive of alcohol dependency?
* Testicular atrophy
* Sexual dysfunction
* Gynecomastia
33
What is sexual identity?
It refers to whom someone is affectionately attracted
34
What are some examples of monoamine neurotransmitters?
* Dopamine
* Norepinephrine
* Serotonin
35
What percent of the incarcerated population in the U.S. has a severe mental illness?
15-24 percent
36
Statistically, gambling disorder is most prevalent among what ethnic/racial group?
African Americans
37
What cranial nerve assessment tests smell and is performed by having the client close the eyes to identify smells?
Olfactory
38
What are the most common potentially law-breaking sexual behaviors?
Voyeuristic acts
39
What psychiatric disorder is characterized by at least one psychotic symptom present for less than one month?
Brief psychotic disorder
40
In almost every state, nurse practitioners are reimbursed at what percentage of the allowable physician rate?
85 percent
41
Which part of Medicare provides optional coverage for outpatient pharmaceuticals?
Part D
42
What is the most serious complication of a patient presenting with fever, increased heart rate, and rigidity after being switched to haldol?
Rhabdomyolysis
43
What is the primary purpose of the corpus callosum?
Connects the right and left hemispheres and facilitates sensorimotor information exchange
44
What medication can produce a false positive for methamphetamines?
Prozac (Fluoxetine)
45
What medication can produce a false positive for benzodiazepines?
Zoloft (Sertraline)
46
What medication can produce a false positive for cocaine?
Motrin
47
What food product can produce a false positive for morphine or heroin?
Poppy seeds
48
How do managed care organizations control healthcare costs?
Bargain with medical practices for reduced rates on visits
49
Autism spectrum disorder can present with what deficits?
* Lack of social reciprocity
* Insistence on sameness
* Nonverbal communication
50
What are the general functions of norepinephrine?
* Alertness
* Focused attention
* Learning
* Memory
51
What legal precedent established the test of competence for criminal defendants?
Dusky vs. United States
52
What legal precedent guides an NP’s duty to warn?
Tarasoff vs. Regents of the University of California
53
What is defined as a process used to protect the public by ensuring a minimum level of professional competence?
Credentialing
54
What is defined as the process by which an agency of state government grants permission to individuals to engage in the practice of a profession?
Licensure
55
What is defined as the process by which a professional organization certifies that an individual has met certain predetermined standards in a specialty?
Certification
56
What type of systematic review analyzes qualitative studies?
Metasynthesis
57
Who is granted unrestricted visitation rights with a patient who is psychiatrically hospitalized?
The patient’s attorney and members of the clergy
58
What level of prevention is demonstrated by a nurse practitioner volunteering to teach social skills to intellectually disabled teens?
Tertiary prevention
59
Which private insurance policies cover elderly individuals’ medical expenses not paid by Medicare?
Medigap insurance policies
60
What goal of health care improvement involves reducing harmful delays in care?
Timeliness
61
What term describes a systematic analysis of quantitative studies?
Meta-analysis
62
What describes the TIGER initiative for NP technology education?
Defining required technology curriculum
63
In how many states can nurse practitioners dispense controlled substances?
34 states
64
What mental health disorder is characterized by schizophrenia symptoms and mood disturbances?
Schizoaffective disorder
65
What neurotransmitter is commonly associated with schizophrenia’s positive symptoms?
Dopamine
66
What court case addressed competency for execution?
Ford vs. Wainwright
67
What term describes the flow of energy in acupuncture?
Qi
68
What neurotransmitter imbalance is associated with mood disorders like depression?
Serotonin
69
What kind of therapy focuses on helping patients reflect on past relationships and experiences to inform their behavior?
Psychodynamic therapy
70
What is a confounder in research?
A variable that distorts the true relationship between study variables
71
What term describes the statistical relationship between two variables?
Pearson’s r correlation
72
What neurotransmitter is most implicated in anxiety and the fight-or-flight response?
Norepinephrine
73
What psychotropic drug increases serotonin levels to treat depression?
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
74
What psychiatric disorder involves delusions and hallucinations but lasts less than one month?
Brief psychotic disorder
75
What percentage of nurse practitioners are reimbursed at the physician rate?
85%
76
What medication class is typically used for treating obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
77
What class of medications is contraindicated with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)?
Meperidine/Demerol
78
What psychological principle focuses on an individual’s capacity for self-awareness and personal growth?
Humanistic therapy
79
What therapy is most effective for patients with borderline personality disorder?
Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)
80
What defines the therapeutic range of lithium?
0.6-1.2 mEq/L
81
Which mental health disorder is characterized by manic episodes and sometimes depressive episodes?
Bipolar I disorder
82
What neurotransmitter is responsible for wakefulness and attention in the brain’s reticular activating system?
Norepinephrine
83
What medication is used for ADHD and can be prescribed to children starting at age 3 according to FDA labeling?
Amphetamines
84
What is the main function of the corpus callosum?
Connect the left and right hemispheres of the brain
85
Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in the regulation of mood, sleep, and appetite?
Serotonin
86
What neuroimaging finding is commonly seen in schizophrenia?
Enlarged cerebral ventricles
87
What court case determined that the presence of a mental illness alone cannot justify involuntary hospitalization?
O’Connor vs. Donaldson
88
Which enzyme is induced by tobacco use in patients on clozapine?
Cytochrome P450 1A2
89
What is the most serious complication of neuroleptic malignant syndrome?
Rhabdomyolysis
90
What is the primary purpose of the FDA Orphan Drug Act?
To incentivize the development of drugs for rare diseases
91
Which personality disorder is characterized by magical thinking and odd behavior?
Schizotypal personality disorder
92
What therapeutic approach focuses on understanding how past development impacts present behavior?
Psychodynamic therapy
93
What is the risk of using NSAIDs or aspirin with SSRIs?
Increased risk of bleeding
94
What personality disorder is most associated with intense fear of abandonment and unstable relationships?
Borderline personality disorder
95
What psychotherapeutic approach is most effective in treating obsessive-compulsive personality disorder?
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
96
What psychosexual stage, according to Freud, is associated with oral fixation and sarcasm?
Oral stage
97
Which cluster of personality disorders is characterized by anxious and fearful behavior?
Cluster C
98
Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sense of smell?
Cranial Nerve I (Olfactory)
99
What therapeutic factor in group therapy is associated with the feeling of not being alone in one’s struggles?
Universality
100
What medication class is commonly used to treat both the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
Atypical antipsychotics
101
What is the most appropriate intervention for mild pseudo-parkinsonism in a patient taking haloperidol?
Muscarinic 1 agonists (e.g., benztropine)
102
What laboratory test should be ordered to rule out a medical cause of dementia symptoms?
Vitamin B12
103
Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with thinking and reward-seeking behavior?
Dopamine
104
Which sleep-wake disorder is characterized by progressively later sleep and wake times?
Non-24-hour sleep-wake type
105
What is the current understanding of dopamine pathways in schizophrenia?
Hypoactivity in the mesocortical tract causes negative symptoms; hyperactivity in the mesolimbic tract causes positive symptoms
106
What is the most common demographic group affected by gambling disorder in the U.S.?
African Americans
107
What are the recommended white blood cell cutoffs for discontinuing clozapine?
WBCs of 2,000-3,000 and granulocytes of 1,000-1,500
108
Which neurotransmitter is responsible for reducing arousal, aggression, and anxiety?
GABA
109
What is the primary therapeutic intervention in treating parasuicide behavior?
Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)
110
What medication is contraindicated in combination with selegiline (an MAOI)?
Meperidine (Demerol)
111
Which neurotransmitter is linked to alertness and arousal?
Norepinephrine
112
What action occurs during the working phase of a therapeutic relationship?
Clarifying patient expectations and mutually identifying goals
113
What physical findings are associated with Rett syndrome?
* Seizures
* Irregular respirations
* Scoliosis
114
What condition is most commonly characterized by at least one psychotic symptom lasting less than one month?
Brief psychotic disorder
115
What is the therapeutic range for lithium?
0.6-1.2 mEq/L
116
What percentage of nurse practitioners are reimbursed at the physician rate in most states?
85%
117
Which class of medications would be most appropriate for treating mild pseudo-parkinsonism caused by haloperidol?
Muscarinic 1 agonists
118
What lab finding would support the diagnosis of neuroleptic malignant syndrome in a patient taking antipsychotic medication?
Elevated WBCs and creatine kinase
119
Which cranial nerve is assessed for tactile sensation on the face?
Cranial Nerve V (Trigeminal)
120
What medication is used to treat vasomotor symptoms and depression in menopausal women?
Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq)
121
What is haloperidol?
An antipsychotic medication used to treat various mental health conditions.
## Footnote
Haloperidol is often prescribed for schizophrenia and acute psychosis.
122
What are muscarinic 1 agonists used for?
To treat pseudoparkinsonism caused by antipsychotic medications.
## Footnote
They help alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms.
123
What lab finding would support the diagnosis of neuroleptic malignant syndrome in a patient taking antipsychotic medication?
Elevated WBCs and creatine kinase.
## Footnote
These findings indicate muscle breakdown and stress response.
124
Which cranial nerve is assessed for tactile sensation on the face?
Cranial Nerve V (Trigeminal).
## Footnote
This nerve is responsible for sensation in the face.
125
What medication is used to treat vasomotor symptoms and depression in menopausal women?
Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq).
## Footnote
It is a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI).
126
What is the most serious complication of neuroleptic malignant syndrome?
Rhabdomyolysis.
## Footnote
This condition can lead to kidney damage and requires immediate attention.
127
What mental health condition is associated with the hypoactivity of the mesocortical dopaminergic tract?
Schizophrenia (negative symptoms).
## Footnote
Hypoactivity contributes to symptoms like lack of motivation and social withdrawal.
128
Which brain area is responsible for the production of neurotransmitters?
Brainstem.
## Footnote
It plays a key role in regulating various autonomic functions.
129
What is the most common intoxicating substance used globally?
Alcohol.
## Footnote
Its use is widespread across various cultures.
130
What are the side effects of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome?
Facial swelling, tongue swelling, skin sloughing, painful mucous membranes.
## Footnote
This syndrome is a severe skin reaction often triggered by medications.
131
What action takes place during the working phase of the therapeutic relationship?
Clarifying patient expectations and mutually identifying goals.
## Footnote
This phase is crucial for effective therapy.
132
What physical symptoms might suggest Fragile X syndrome in a 12-year-old boy with ADHD?
Long head, large ears, short stature, hyperextensible joints.
## Footnote
These features are commonly associated with the genetic condition.
133
Which enzyme is induced by smoking in patients treated with clozapine?
Cytochrome P450 1A2.
## Footnote
This induction can affect the metabolism of various medications.
134
What medication class is used to treat both the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
Atypical antipsychotics.
## Footnote
These medications are preferred for their broader efficacy.
135
Which neurotransmitter is most responsible for mood regulation, sleep, and pain perception?
Serotonin.
## Footnote
Abnormal serotonin levels are linked to mood disorders.
136
What personality disorder is characterized by magical thinking and eccentric behavior?
Schizotypal personality disorder.
## Footnote
Individuals may exhibit odd beliefs or behaviors.
137
What neurotransmitter is implicated in the fight-or-flight response and attention?
Norepinephrine.
## Footnote
It plays a key role in arousal and alertness.
138
What personality disorder is most associated with intense emotions, unstable relationships, and impulsive behavior?
Borderline personality disorder.
## Footnote
This disorder often leads to significant distress.
139
What is the main function of the axon in a neuron?
Carries impulses away from the cell body.
## Footnote
This is essential for neural communication.
140
What term describes the body’s active process to remove serotonin and norepinephrine from the synaptic cleft?
Active reuptake process.
## Footnote
This process regulates neurotransmitter levels in the brain.
141
Which neurotransmitter is thought to be related to increased glutamate activity in bipolar disorder?
Glutamate.
## Footnote
Its dysregulation may contribute to mood episodes.
142
What medication is contraindicated for patients taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)?
Meperidine (Demerol).
## Footnote
This combination can lead to dangerous interactions.
143
What stage of psychosocial development, according to Erikson, involves developing a sense of integrity in older adults?
Ego integrity vs. despair.
## Footnote
This stage reflects on life achievements and regrets.
144
What medication can produce a false positive for benzodiazepines in drug screening?
Sertraline (Zoloft).
## Footnote
This can complicate drug testing results.
145
Which enzyme is induced by tobacco and affects the metabolism of clozapine?
Cytochrome P450 1A2.
## Footnote
This can lead to altered drug levels in patients.
146
What term describes a system where the insurer is also the provider of care?
Managed care.
## Footnote
This model aims to control healthcare costs.
147
What therapeutic approach focuses on how past experiences shape present behavior?
Psychodynamic therapy.
## Footnote
It explores unconscious processes affecting behavior.
148
What mental health disorder is characterized by psychotic symptoms and mood disturbances?
Schizoaffective disorder.
## Footnote
This disorder includes features of both schizophrenia and mood disorders.
149
What term describes the system of bargaining for reduced healthcare costs by medical providers?
Managed care organizations.
## Footnote
These organizations negotiate rates with providers.
150
What therapeutic approach focuses on the use of cognitive restructuring to challenge irrational beliefs?
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT).
## Footnote
This method is effective for various mental health issues.
151
What percentage of the incarcerated population in the U.S. has a severe mental illness?
15-24%.
## Footnote
This statistic highlights the intersection of mental health and criminal justice.
152
What is the most common potentially law-breaking sexual behavior?
Voyeuristic acts.
## Footnote
These behaviors can lead to legal consequences.
153
What class of medication is used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder?
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).
## Footnote
SSRIs are effective in managing OCD symptoms.
154
What term best describes a digital version of a patient’s medical record?
Electronic health record (EHR).
## Footnote
EHRs facilitate better patient care and data management.
155
What is a psychological preventive factor that helps protect against developing a psychiatric disorder?
Healthy ego defenses.
## Footnote
These defenses can help individuals cope with stress.
156
Which moral duty obligates a nurse practitioner to tell the truth?
Veracity.
## Footnote
This principle is fundamental in healthcare ethics.
157
What cranial nerve is responsible for smell perception?
Olfactory (Cranial Nerve I).
## Footnote
This nerve is crucial for the sense of smell.
158
What medication for bipolar disorder does not carry a high risk for major fetal malformations?
Clonazepam (Klonopin).
## Footnote
It is considered safer during pregnancy compared to other mood stabilizers.
159
What neurotransmitter is responsible for thinking, fine muscle action, and reward-seeking behavior?
Dopamine.
## Footnote
Abnormal dopamine levels are linked to several mental health disorders.
160
What stage of psychosocial development involves developing trust during infancy?
Trust vs. Mistrust.
## Footnote
This is the first stage in Erikson's theory.
161
Which neurotransmitter is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain?
GABA.
## Footnote
GABA helps regulate excitability in the nervous system.
162
What are the systemic effects of hypothyroidism?
Decreased libido, constipation, weight gain.
## Footnote
These symptoms reflect the overall slowing of metabolism.
163
What stage of psychosocial development involves developing a sense of independence during early childhood?
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt.
## Footnote
This stage emphasizes the importance of self-control.
164
What neurotransmitter is primarily affected by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)?
Serotonin.
## Footnote
SSRIs increase serotonin levels to improve mood.
165
What is the key treatment goal for patients with borderline personality disorder?
Emotion regulation and reduction of self-harming behaviors.
## Footnote
These goals are crucial for improving overall functioning.
166
Which neurotransmitter modulates alertness, focused attention, learning, and memory?
Norepinephrine.
## Footnote
It plays a critical role in cognitive processes.
167
Which therapeutic approach is designed to increase a patient’s self-awareness and understanding of their emotions?
Psychodynamic therapy.
## Footnote
This approach explores unconscious motivations.
168
What personality disorder is characterized by a long-standing pattern of attention-seeking behavior?
Histrionic personality disorder.
## Footnote
Individuals often seek approval and attention.
169
What is the term used to describe non-paid individuals who contact legislators to influence policy?
Grassroots lobbying.
## Footnote
This form of advocacy can impact legislation.
170
What is the therapeutic range for lithium in the treatment of bipolar disorder?
0.6-1.2 mEq/L.
## Footnote
Monitoring is essential to avoid toxicity.
171
What class of medication treats both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
Atypical antipsychotics.
## Footnote
These medications are often first-line treatments.
172
What side effect is associated with Stevens-Johnson Syndrome?
Skin sloughing and mucous membrane involvement.
## Footnote
This severe reaction can be life-threatening.
173
What is the role of the institutional review board (IRB)?
Ensure ethical treatment of research participants.
## Footnote
IRBs review research proposals for ethical considerations.
174
What neurotransmitter is primarily associated with anxiety and fear response?
Norepinephrine.
## Footnote
It is involved in the body's stress response.
175
What is the difference between repression and suppression as defense mechanisms?
Repression is unconscious; suppression is conscious.
## Footnote
Both are mechanisms to cope with anxiety.
176
What is the main focus of existential therapy?
Understanding how past development impacts current behavior.
## Footnote
This approach emphasizes personal responsibility.
177
What medication class is used to treat pseudoparkinsonism caused by antipsychotics?
Muscarinic 1 agonists.
## Footnote
These medications help alleviate movement disorders.
178
What is the most common psychotic disorder in the elderly?
Delusional disorder.
## Footnote
This disorder often manifests with fixed false beliefs.
179
Which act incentivizes pharmaceutical companies to develop drugs to treat rare diseases?
Orphan Drug Act.
## Footnote
This act provides various incentives for drug development.
180
What is the FDA-approved minimum age for prescribing amphetamines to treat ADHD?
3 years old.
## Footnote
This age guideline ensures safety and efficacy.
181
What type of study statistically analyzes a collection of quantitative studies?
Meta-analysis.
## Footnote
This method provides a comprehensive overview of research findings.
182
What condition is characterized by at least one psychotic symptom for less than one month?
Brief psychotic disorder.
## Footnote
This condition can follow stress or trauma.
183
What personality disorder is characterized by a fear of criticism and social rejection?
Avoidant personality disorder.
## Footnote
Individuals often avoid social situations to prevent embarrassment.
184
What population is most likely to have antisocial personality disorder?
Adult men with alcohol use disorder in a forensic setting.
## Footnote
This demographic shows higher prevalence rates.
185
What percentage of nurse practitioners’ allowable rate is reimbursed by Medicare in most states?
85%.
## Footnote
This reimbursement rate can vary by state and services provided.
186
What is the core value emphasized by culturally competent care in advanced practice nursing?
Respect, advocacy, and partnership.
## Footnote
These values enhance patient-provider relationships.
187
What psychosocial stage involves developing a sense of unity in life’s accomplishments, according to Erikson?
Ego-integrity vs. Despair.
## Footnote
This stage focuses on reflecting on one's life.
188
What medication is used to treat both vasomotor symptoms and depression in menopausal women?
Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq).
## Footnote
It is effective for managing multiple symptoms.
189
What term describes when a patient consciously injures themselves without the intention of dying?
Parasuicide.
## Footnote
This behavior can indicate underlying mental health issues.
190
What neurotransmitter is linked to the development of schizophrenia symptoms, particularly in the mesolimbic and mesocortical pathways?
Dopamine.
## Footnote
Dysregulation in these pathways is a key factor in schizophrenia.
191
What syndrome is characterized by fever, altered mental status, rigidity, and autonomic dysregulation, and is related to antipsychotic use?
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS).
## Footnote
This condition requires immediate medical intervention.
192
What term describes a system where the insurer is also the provider of care?
Managed care.
## Footnote
This model aims to control costs and improve care efficiency.
193
What psychosexual stage would Freud argue is related to 'biting' sarcasm as a defense mechanism?
Oral stage.
## Footnote
Freud theorized that fixation at this stage results in certain personality traits.
194
What is the therapeutic action of cholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer’s disease?
Increase acetylcholine to slow cognitive decline.
## Footnote
These medications help manage symptoms of dementia.
195
What type of systematic review analyzes qualitative studies?
Metasynthesis.
## Footnote
This method extracts insights from qualitative research.
196
What cranial nerve is assessed by testing tactile perception of the facial skin?
Trigeminal nerve (Cranial Nerve V).
## Footnote
This assessment is important for neurological evaluations.
197
Which personality disorder is best treated with a combination of individual and group psychotherapy?
Borderline personality disorder.
## Footnote
This treatment approach addresses relational patterns and emotional dysregulation.
198
What term describes the statistical analysis of a collection of quantitative studies?
Meta-analysis.
## Footnote
This technique synthesizes findings across multiple studies.
199
What is a common medication-induced condition characterized by a mask-like face and a shuffling gait?
Pseudoparkinsonism.
## Footnote
This condition can occur with antipsychotic medications.
200
What stage of psychosocial development is characterized by exploring independence and initiative during early childhood?
Initiative vs. Guilt.
## Footnote
This stage encourages children to assert control over their environment.
201
What neurotransmitter regulates sleep, mood states, and pain perception?
Serotonin.
## Footnote
It plays a vital role in mood balance.
202
What condition should be suspected in patients presenting with fever, leukocytosis, muscle rigidity, and altered mental status following antipsychotic use?
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS).
## Footnote
This syndrome is a medical emergency.
203
What neurotransmitter is associated with pleasure and reward-seeking behavior?
Dopamine.
## Footnote
Its dysregulation is implicated in addiction and mood disorders.
204
Which complementary medicine technique involves the manipulation of energy flow throughout the body?
Acupuncture.
## Footnote
This practice is rooted in traditional Chinese medicine.
205
What psychiatric condition involves delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech for less than 1 month?
Brief psychotic disorder.
## Footnote
Symptoms can be triggered by stress or trauma.
206
Which act protects nurse practitioners and other healthcare professionals from civil liability when reporting suspected child abuse?
Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act.
## Footnote
This law encourages reporting to protect children.
207
What medication is contraindicated with selegiline, an MAOI?
Meperidine (Demerol).
## Footnote
This combination can cause severe reactions.
208
Which medication can cause false-positive results for benzodiazepines in a drug test?
Sertraline (Zoloft).
## Footnote
This can complicate drug screening processes.
209
What are the symptoms of serotonin syndrome?
HARMED: Hyperthermia, Autonomic instability, Rigidity, Myoclonus, Encephalopathy, Diaphoresis.
## Footnote
This syndrome is a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment.
210
What syndrome involves symptoms of high fever, pharyngitis, and ulcerations in patients taking clozapine?
Agranulocytosis.
## Footnote
This condition significantly increases infection risk.
211
What neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for arousal, alertness, and focused attention?
Norepinephrine.
## Footnote
It plays a crucial role in the body's fight-or-flight response.
212
What EPS condition is suspected in a patient with schizophrenia presenting with inner restlessness and inability to stay still?
Akathisia.
## Footnote
This condition can be distressing for patients.
213
What is the primary action taken during the working phase of a therapeutic relationship?
Clarifying patient expectations and mutually identifying goals.
## Footnote
This phase is essential for effective treatment outcomes.
214
What term describes a digital version of a patient’s medical file?
Electronic health record.
## Footnote
EHRs improve patient care through better data management.
215
What are the systemic effects of hypothyroidism?
Decreased libido, constipation, and weight gain.
## Footnote
These symptoms reflect a slowdown in metabolic processes.
216
What percentage of the U.S. incarcerated population has a severe mental illness?
15-24%.
## Footnote
This statistic underscores the importance of mental health services in correctional settings.
217
What is the therapeutic range for lithium?
0.6-1.2 mEq/L.
## Footnote
Regular monitoring is vital to avoid toxicity.
218
What action during research distorts the true relationship of the study variable of interest?
Confounder.
## Footnote
Confounding variables can lead to misleading results.
219
What syndrome is related to exposure to anticonvulsant drugs and presents with facial and tongue swelling, maculopapular rash, and skin sloughing?
Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
## Footnote
This condition is a severe adverse drug reaction.
220
Which psychosexual stage, according to Freud, is associated with biting sarcasm?
Oral stage.
## Footnote
Freud theorized that fixation at this stage can influence personality.
221
What complementary and alternative medicine technique involves manipulating the flow of energy throughout the body?
Acupuncture.
## Footnote
This technique aims to restore balance and promote healing.
222
What medication can cause a false positive for methamphetamines in a urine drug test?
Fluoxetine (Prozac).
## Footnote
This can lead to inaccuracies in drug screening.
223
What type of prevention is involved when an NP implements a DARE program in a local school?
Primary prevention.
## Footnote
This approach aims to prevent substance abuse before it occurs.
224
What neurotransmitter is implicated in both arousal and anxiety, with neurons concentrated in the locus coeruleus?
Norepinephrine.
## Footnote
It plays a significant role in the stress response.
225
What laboratory test should be ordered to rule out a medical cause of dementia symptoms?
Vitamin B12.
## Footnote
Deficiency can lead to cognitive decline that mimics dementia.
226
What finding would indicate an acoustic neuroma in an elderly patient complaining of tinnitus?
Unilateral tinnitus.
## Footnote
This symptom can suggest a tumor affecting hearing.
227
What psychosexual stage involves an individual fixating on control and cleanliness?
Anal stage.
## Footnote
Freud believed this fixation could influence personality traits.
228
What term describes a scientific study that gathers multiple studies and analyzes them to draw a larger conclusion?
Systematic review.
## Footnote
This method synthesizes evidence from various sources.
229
Which part of Medicare provides coverage for outpatient pharmaceuticals?
Part D.
## Footnote
This part of Medicare helps cover prescription drug costs.
230
What term describes when an insurer is also the provider of care?
Managed care.
## Footnote
This model aims to control costs and improve quality of care.
231
What treatment strategy is used for patients with schizophrenia presenting with EPS symptoms such as pseudoparkinsonism?
Muscarinic 1 agonist.
## Footnote
These agents can alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms effectively.
232
What condition is characterized by lack of social reciprocity, insistence on sameness, and nonverbal communication deficits?
Autism spectrum disorder.
## Footnote
This disorder affects social interaction and communication.
233
What syndrome presents with high fever, rigidity, and altered mental status following the use of antipsychotic medications?
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS).
## Footnote
This condition is a serious side effect of antipsychotic drugs.
234
What is the primary purpose of the corpus callosum?
Connect the right and left hemispheres of the brain.
## Footnote
This structure facilitates communication between hemispheres.
235
What is the death rate for a given population called?
Mortality rate.
## Footnote
This statistic is crucial for public health assessment.
236
What is the function of the Institutional Review Board (IRB)?
Ensure risks to participants are minimized and informed consent is obtained.
## Footnote
IRBs play a critical role in protecting research subjects.
237
What medication class is most appropriate for patients exhibiting mild pseudoparkinsonism on haloperidol?
Muscarinic 1 agonists.
## Footnote
These medications can effectively manage extrapyramidal symptoms.
238
What describes the primary therapeutic goal during the working phase of the nurse-patient relationship?
Clarifying patient expectations and mutually identifying goals.
## Footnote
This goal enhances therapeutic effectiveness.
239
What court case determined that the presence of a mental illness alone cannot justify involuntary hospitalization?
O’Connor v. Donaldson.
## Footnote
This case established important legal precedents for mental health rights.
240
What syndrome is characterized by fever, leukocytosis, muscle rigidity, and altered mental status?
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
## Footnote
This condition requires immediate medical intervention.
241
What term is used for the phenomenon where people spend money before their health insurance covers healthcare costs?
Deductible.
## Footnote
Understanding deductibles is important for managing healthcare expenses.
242
Which cranial nerve is assessed by testing for tactile perception of the facial skin?
Trigeminal (Cranial Nerve V).
## Footnote
This assessment is crucial for neurological evaluations.
243
What condition presents with lack of social reciprocity and insistence on sameness?
Autism spectrum disorder.
## Footnote
This condition affects social and communication skills.
244
What is the treatment of choice for patients diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
Fluoxetine (Prozac).
## Footnote
This medication is effective in reducing OCD symptoms.
245
What syndrome results from prolonged use of antipsychotic medication and is characterized by rigidity, hyperthermia, and altered mental status?
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS).
## Footnote
This syndrome is a serious side effect requiring urgent care.
246
What medication can cause false positives for benzodiazepines in a drug test?
Sertraline (Zoloft).
## Footnote
This can lead to complications in drug screening processes.
247
What is the purpose of the Institutional Review Board (IRB)?
To ensure participant risks are minimized and informed consent is obtained.
## Footnote
IRBs are essential for ethical research practices.
248
What condition should be suspected in patients presenting with fever, leukocytosis, muscle rigidity, and altered mental status following antipsychotic use?
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS).
## Footnote
This condition can be life-threatening and requires immediate intervention.
249
What neurotransmitter is associated with pleasure and reward-seeking behavior?
Dopamine.
## Footnote
Its dysregulation is implicated in various mental health disorders.
250
What term describes a family’s tendency to adapt to changes when necessary?
Morphogenesis.
## Footnote
This concept is important in family therapy and systems theory.
251
What syndrome results from exposure to antipsychotic medications and is characterized by fever, leukocytosis, and rigidity?
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
## Footnote
This condition is a serious medical emergency.
252
What court case determined that mental illness alone cannot justify involuntary hospitalization?
O’Connor v. Donaldson.
## Footnote
This case set significant legal standards for mental health treatment.
253
What syndrome results from the use of antipsychotic medications and presents with high fever, muscle rigidity, and altered mental status?
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
## Footnote
This syndrome requires prompt medical attention.
254
What is the primary question regarding neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)?
What syndrome results in altered mental status, hyperthermia, and muscle rigidity following antipsychotic use?
## Footnote
NMS is a critical condition that necessitates immediate care.
