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PMLS Flashcards

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1
Q

Is an essential component of health institutions

A

Clinical laboratory

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2
Q

Is the place where specimens collected from individuals are processed,analyzed, preserved and properly disposed.

A

Clinical laboratory

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3
Q

What is the main task of a clinical laboratory?

A

To Provide accurate and reliable information to medical doctors for the diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and management of disease.

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4
Q

Is a clinical laboratory that focuses on clinical chemistry, immunohematology and blood banking, medical microbiology, immunology and serology, hematology, parasitology, clinical microscopy, toxicology, therapeutic drug monitoring and endocrinology among others.

A

Clinical pathology

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5
Q

Is a clinical laboratory that focuses on the areas of histopathology, immunohistopathology, cytology, autopsy and forensic pathology among others.

A

Anatomic Pathology

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6
Q

Is a clinical laboratory that is not part of an established institutions.

A

Free standing

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7
Q

Clinical laboratory are owned, wholly or partially, by national or government unit’s.

A

Government owned

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8
Q

Clinical laboratories are owned, established, and operated by an individual, corporation, institution, association, or organization.

A

Privately owned

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9
Q

Clinical laboratories under this category
Are licenseed to perform basic, routine laboratory testing, namely urinalysis, routine stool examination, routine hematology or CBC that includes hematocrit, WBC and RBC count, WBC differential count and qualitative platelet count, blood typing, and gram staining (if hospital based).

A

Primary category

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10
Q

Equipment requirements are but not limited to, microscopes, centrifuge, hematocrit centrifuge.

A

Primary category

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11
Q

Space requirement is at least 10 square meters

A

Primary category

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12
Q

Clinical laboratories in this category are licensed to perform basic and routine laboratory testing along with routine clinical chemistry tests like blood glucose concentration, blood urea nitrogen, blood uric acid, blood creatinine, cholesterol determination, qualitative platelet count, and if hospital based gram staining, KOH mount and cross matching.

A

Secondary category

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13
Q

A minimum requirement of 20 square meters is needed for the floor area

A

Secondary category

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14
Q

Minimum equipment requirements are microscopes, centrifuge, hematocrit centrifuge, semi automated chemistry analyzer, autoclave, incubator, and oven

A

Secondary category

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15
Q

Clinical laboratories under this category are licensed to perform all the laboratory tests performed by the previous categories plus immunology and serology (e.g., NS1-Ag for dengue, rapid plasma regain, Treponema pallium particle agglutination tests) microbiology, bacteriology, and mycology, ….etc

A

Tertiary category

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16
Q

Have a minimum floor area requirement of at least 60 square meters.

A

Tertiary category

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17
Q

Equipment requirements include those seen in previous categories along with automated chemistry analyzer, Bio safety cabinet class II, serofuge, among others

A

Tertiary category

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18
Q

Is a clinical laboratory in a government hospital designated by the DOH to provide special diagnostic functions and services for certain diseases.

A

National reference Laboratory

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19
Q

An act regulating the operation and maintenance of Clinical laboratories and requiring the registration of the same with the department of health, providing penalty for the violation thereof and for other purposes

A

RA 4688

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20
Q

RA 4688

A

Republic act of clinical Laboratory act of 1966.

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21
Q

What is the Administrative Order No. 59 s. 2001

A

Rules and regulation governing the Establishment, Operation and Maintenance if Clinical laboratories in the Philippines

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22
Q

This section is intended for the testing of blood and other bodily fluids to quantity Essential soluble chemicals including waste products useful for the diagnosis of certain diseases.

A

Clinical Chemistry

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23
Q

What are the 2 most common bodily fluids subjected for analysis

A

Blood and urine

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24
Q

3 important activities that medical technologists perform and are responsible for

A

Internal Quality Assurance (IQA)
Continuous quality improvement (CQA)
National External quality assurance (NEQAP)

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25
This section Is considered to be the busiest
Clinical chemistry
26
Is characterized as a state of the art fully automated facility
Clinical chemistry
27
The work In this section is more focused on the identification of bacteria and fungi on specimens received
Microbiology
28
Tests include the microscopic visualization of microorganisms after staining, isolation, and identification of bacteria and fungi using varied culture media.
Microbiology
29
Looks into the identification of mycobacterium (mycobacterium tuberculosis)
Mycobacteriology
30
Although not as automated as clinical chemistry, automated instruments are available such as those used for blood culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Microbiology
31
This section deals with enumeration of cells in the blood and other bodily fluids
Hematology and Coagulation studies
32
The examination done in this section include CBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, WBC count and differential count, red cell morphology and cell indices, quantitative platelet count, total cell count and differential count, blood smear preparation, and staining for other bodily fluids.
Hematology and Coagulation studies
33
This Focuses on blood testing for the determination of various coagulation factors.
Coagulation studies
34
There are also developments and innovations that contribute to the automation of activites in this section
Hematology and Coagulation studies
35
Bone marrow examination using automated analyzers is also conducted in this section
Hematology and Coagulation studies
36
There are 2 major areas in this section of the laboratory.
Clinical Microscopy Urinalysis Fecalysis
37
Routine and other special examination of urine such as macroscopic examinations to detect presence of abnormal cells and or parasites as well as to quantify red blood cells and WBC as well as other chemicals found in urine
Clinical Microscopy 1st area
38
Is assigned to the examination of stool or routine fecalysis. detection and identification of parasitic worms and ova are the primary activities in this area
Clinical Microscopy 2nd area
39
What are the cellular components of blood
Monocyte Lymphocyte Neutrophil Eosinophil Basophil Macrophage Erythrocyte Platelet/thrombocyte
40
In some laboratories hormones in the blood and urine are also measured under__________
Endocrinology
41
_______Are used for collecting blood for Hematology, Coagulation studies, Clinical Chemistry, Immunohematology, and serology
Vacutainer
42
Screening for all antibodies as well as the blood components used for transfusion are also conducted in this section
Blood banking/immunohematology
43
What are the 2 main activities performed in Blood bank/immunohematology
Blood typing and compatibility testing
44
This section is considered as the most critical in the clinical laboratory
Blood bank/Immunohematology
45
Analysis of serum antibodies in certain infectious agents (primarily viral agents) are performed in this section.
Immunology and serology
46
Hepatitis B profile tests, serological tests for syphilis and tests for hepatitis C and dengue fever are some examples of antibody screening tests.
Immunology and Serology
47
Activities performed in this section include tissue (removed surgically as in biopsy and autopsy) processing, cutting Into sections, staining, and perpetration for microscopic examination by a pathologist
Histopathology/Cytology
48
Is a specialized section of the laboratory that combines anatomical, clinical, and biochemical techniques where antibodies bounded to enzymes and florescent dyes are used to detect presence of antigens in tissues
Immunohistochemistry
49
Is useful in the diagnosis of Cancers
Immunohistochemistry
50
One of the exciting developments in medical technology
Molecular biology and Biotechnology
51
Primarily using different enzymes and other reagents, DNA and RNA are identified and sequenced to detect pathologic conditions/disease processes.
Molecular biology and Biotechnology
52
This technique has contributed to scientific advancements in laboratory research and is useful for a number of clinical techniques such as screening genetic indicators of disease and diagnosis of cancer and infectious diseases
Molecular biology and Biotechnology
53
Encompasses all activities starting from a medical doctor writing a laboratory request up to the (TAT) the results are generated and become useful information for the treatment and management of patients.
Laboratory Testing cycle
54
What are the 3 phases of laboratory testing cycles
Pre analytic Analytic Post analytic
55
This phase includes the receipt of the laboratory request, patient preparation, specimen collection, and proper transport and proccesing of specimen to the clinical laboratory
Pre analytic phase
56
This phase deals with the actual testing of the submitted/collected specimen
Analytic phase
57
This phase includes the transmission of test results to the medical doctor for interpretation, TAT and application of doctors recommendations.
Post analytic phase
58
Encompasses all activities performed by laboratory personnel to ensure reliability of test results
Quality Assurance (QA)
59
Quality Assurance has 2major components what are they
Internal Quality Assurance system and External quality assurance system
60
Includes day to day activities that are undertaken in order to control factors or variables that may affect test results.
IQAS
61
Is a system for checking performance among clinical laboratories and is facilitated by designated external agency's
EQAS
62
Is the DOH's designated external quality assurance system
National reference Laboratory (NRL)
63
The designated NRL-EQAS are
NKTI RITM LCP EAMC SACCL
64
NKTI
National kidney transplant institution-hematology and Coagulation
65
RITM
Research Institute of Tropical Medicine- microbiology and parasitology
66
LCP
Lung center of the Philippines - clinical chemistry
67
EAMC
East Avenue Medical Center- drugs of abuse
68
SACCL
San Lazaro Hospital STD-AIDS cooperative center laboratory -infectous immunology hepatitis B surface antigen, HIV, HCV

PMLS (2 decks)

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