PMOC Lab Prelim Exam Flashcards
1
Q
Formula of Alcohols
A
R-OH
2
Q
Formula of Aldehydes
A
R-CHO
3
Q
Formula of Ketones
A
R-CO-R
4
Q
Formula of Carboxylic Acids
A
R-COOH
5
Q
Formula of Ester
A
R-COOR
6
Q
Formula of Ether
A
R-O-R
7
Q
Classification of alcohol
A
According to number if hydroxyl group attached to their molecule
-Monohydric
-Dihydric
-Trihydric
According to number of carbon atoms bound to which the hydroxyl group is bound
-primary,secondary,tertiary
8
Q
Are converted into ketones (RC=OR) on treatment with oxidizing agents
A
Secondary alcohols
9
Q
Doesn’t normally reacy with oxidizing agents because they dont have a hydrogen on the carbon atom to which the -OH group is bonded.
A
Tertiary alcohols
10
Q
A molecule which has a hydroxyl group OH group directly bonded to an alkene C=C
A
Alkenols
Alkene alcohol
Enols
11
Q
Reagent used for test for enol structure
A
FeCl3- traditional colrimetric test for phenols
12
Q
Enols interconvert with carbonyl compounds that have an a-hydrogen, like ketones and aldehydes. The compound is deprtonated on one side and protonated on another side, whereas a singlebond and a doublebond are exchanged.
A
Keto-enol tautomerism
13
Q
Maldehyde
A
Cinnamon
14
Q
Vannilin
A
Vanilla
15
Q
Benzaldehyde
A
Almond
16
Q
2 simplest families of carbonyl compounds
A
Aldehydes and ketones
17
Q
Aldehydes are natural flavors and aromas from?
A
Cinnamon vanilla and almonds
18
Q
Ketones are from
A
Jasmine flower
Male musk deer
19
Q
Jasmone
A
Jasmine flower
20
Q
Muscone
A
Male musk deer
21
Q
Ketones are vital to the complex formulas of
A
Expensive perfumes
22
Q
Properties of aldehyde and ketones
A
Moderately polar compound
Have higher bp than alkanes with similar mw
No hydrogen atoms bonded to oxygen or nitrogen
23
Q
Alkane
Alcohol
Aldehydes and ketones
Boiling point
A
Alkane-lowest
Aldehydes and ketones between alkane and alcohol
Alcohol-highest
24
Q
State of simple RCHO and RCOR
A
Liquid
25
Solubility of RCHO and RCOR
Soluble in common organic solvents
<5 c soluble in water
Increased # of carbons become more alkane like and less water soluble
26
Dissolve both polar and non-polar solvents
Ketone
27
Flammability of aldehydes and ketones
Lower boiling aldehydes
Ketones flammable
28
Toxicity of aldehydes and ketones
Simple ketone-low toxicity
Simple aldehydes-toxic
Esp formaldehyde
29
Biochem of aldehydes and ketones
Simplest sugar contain either aldehyde or ketone
30
Oxidation of aldehydes and ketones
Alcohols oxidized to aldehydes or ketones and aldehydes can be oxidized to carboxylic acids
31
Oxidation of aldehydes
H bonded to the carbonyl carbon replaced by an -OH grp
32
Oxidation of Ketones
Dont have this hydrogen do not react (except for strong enough)
33
To prevent oxidation of aldehydes they are stored in
Nitrogen gas
34
Test that distinguish Aldehyde and ketones
Tollens test or silver mirror test
35
Tollens reagent component
Diamminesilver I ion
[Ag(NH3)2]+
36
Result of tollens test
Colorless ketone
Silver mirror aldehyde
37
Test for detection of aldehyde alpha hydroxy ketone,ketoses
Benedicts test
38
Benedicts reagent
Copper II ions complexed with citrate ions in sodium carbonate solution
39
Benedicts test
Reagent sol’n contains blue copper II reduced to give ppt of a red copper I oxidein reaction with an aldehyde sugar
40
Benedicts test positive result
Clear blue to brick red ppt
Ketone no change colorless
41
Derivatives of carboxylic acid
Esters and amides
42
Product of Acetic acid and ethanol
Ethyl acetate with water
Nail polish remover plastic ballon like odor
43
Product of methanol and salicylic acid
Methyl salicylate
44
Common name of methyl salicylate
Oil of winter green or efficascent oil
45
Most oxidized functional group of carbon
Carboxylic acid
46
Alpha- hydroxy acids pr (AHAs)
Glycolic acids,lactic acids,citric acid,and mandelic acid.
47
Strong oxidizing agent
Potassium permangenate (KMnO4)
48
-OH of carboxyl group is converted to the -OR (-COOR)
And the ability of molecules to form hydrogen bond with each other is lost
Esters
49
Simple esters have _____ boiling point than the acids from which they are derived.
Lower boiling point
50
Boiling point In celsius of
Acetic acid
Methyl ester
Ethyl estert
Acetic acid-118
Methyl ester-57
Ethyl ester-77
51
Undergo hydrolysis to give back carboxylic acids plus alcohols
Esters and amides
52
To know a compound has an ester it must be test with hydrolysis
If it didnt hydrolize no ester formation
53
Acid catalyzed hydrolysis is the reverse of
Esterification
54
Ester hydrolysis by reaction with a base such as NaOH and KOH is known as
Saponification
55
Product of saponification
Carboxylate anion
56
ASA
Acetyl Salicylic Acid
57
Test for enols
Ferric chloride FeCl2
58
Positive result of ASA and water to salicylic acid
Purple color
59
Reaction of an ester with aqueous or alcoholic ammonia to form an amide
Ammonolysis
60
Structure of Ethanol
C2H6O
61
Other names of ethanol
Absolute alcohol
Alcohol
Drinking alcohol
62
Volatile flammable and colorless liquid
Ethanol
63
Boiling point of ethanol
Close to water 78c 351k 172F
64
Completely miscible with water and organic solvents and is very hydroscopic
Ethanol
65
The alcohol present in all table wines beers and distilled liquors
Ethanol
66
Ethanol percentage in wines beers and distilled liquors
Wines 10-13
Beer 3-5
Liquors 35-90
67
Alcohol for non-beverages are denatured by addition of unpleasant tasting substance such as
Methanol,camphor or kerosene
68
Blend of ethanol and gasoline that produces fewer air pollutants than gasoline
Gasohol
69
Widely used solvent for paint,varnish and drugs
Ethanol
70
Ethanol is used in the manufacture of
Ethanal (acetaldehyde)and ethanoic acid(acetic acid)
71
Used as the fluid in thermometers
Ethanol
72
Medical purposes of ethanol
CNS depressant
73
The hormone alcohol inhibts that regulates urine flow that increases urine production and released by the pituitary gland
ADH- anti diuretic hormone
74
Effect of ethanol in the stomach
Stimulates production of acid
Vomit is foul odor
75
Mechanism of ethanol
Blood vessels to dilate
Flushing of the skin
Sensation of warmth
An increase loss of heat at the surface
76
Enzymes that metabolizes ethanol
CYP 4502A1
Alcohol Dehydrogenase
77
Metabolism of ethanol is mainly in the
Liver through oxidation
78
How does the breathalyzer work
Measures alcohol in expired air by color change that occurs when bright yellow-orange oxidizing agent potassium dichromate reduced to blue green Chromium (III)
79
Drug interaction of Ethanol
Intensify sedation
Reacts with barbiturates,benzodiazepines,opioids,phenothiazines,and anti-depressants
80
Unwanted effects of Ethanol
Major contributing factor in triglycerides elevation
Ethanol is not a carcinogen but first product is toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic
81
Addition reaction between
Ethene and steam
82
Alcoholic fermentation
Yeast added and heated. Enzyme invertase catalyst to convert suc to glucose and fructose
83
Enzyme that converts glucose and fructose into ethanol
Zymase
84
What is the fermentation process of Ethanol
3 days and carried out at temp between 250c and 300c
Obtained by fractional distillation
85
Chemical tests for ethanol
Combustion
Iodoform
Ester formation
86
Positive result of ethanol
Pale blue flame non luminous flame form CO2 and steam
87
Iodoform test
Distinguish meth to eth
Prescence of alkyl grp in eth allows the formation of methanoate and iodoform
Cloudy to clear solution
88
Ester formation
Ethanol reacts with organic acids to form esters
Plastic ballon like odor
89
Benzoic Acid
C6H5COOH
90
Synonyms of Benzoic acid
Dracylic acid
Flower of benjamin
Salvo liquid
Salvo powder
Benzoate
Carboxybenzene
91
Simplest carboxylic acid bonded directly to benzene ring
A white crystalline organic compound
Slightly soluble in H2O soluble in ethanol very slightly soluble in benzene and acetone
Benzoic acid
92
Benzoic acid long term only source where the name is derived
Gum benzoin
93
Uses of benzoic acid in industry
Solvents
Dying carrier
Disinfectant
Additive
Penetrating agent
Pesticides
94
Benzoic acid as food preservative inhibits growth of mold yeast and bacteria with strength of
0.05-0.1%
95
Efficacy is dependent on the pH of the food
pH of 5
96
Preserves acidic food and beverage like
Citric acid from fruit juice
Carbon dioxide sparkling drinks
Phosphoric acid from softdrinks
Acetic acid from pickles
97
Whitfields ointment 6% used for
Tinea ringworm and athletes foot
98
Friars balsam or
Compound benzoin tincture USP
Compound tincture of benzoin CTB
99
Use of Friars balsam
Styptic and antiseptic
100
Meaning of styptic
Stops bleeding
101
Friars balsam contains
Cape aloes and storax (liquidambar resin)
102
Routes of entry toxicological info
Eye contact, inhalation and ingestion
103
Benzoic acid chronic effects on humans
Damage to lungs nervous system and mucous membranes
104
Other toxic effects on humans benzoic acid
Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant) of ingestion and of inhalation
105
Synthesis acid catalyzed ester hydrolysis
hydrolysis
106
Ethyl benzoate
Benzoic acid
107
KMnO4 in synthesis of benzoic acid
Facilitates oxidation
Toluene to benzoic acid
108
Ester formation benzoic acid
Plastic ballon odor
109
Solubility of benzoic acid
Slightly soluble
110
Solubility of benzoic acid
With 10% NaOH forms benzoate salt which is soluble in salt
