Pneumonia

Question 1

Inhibitors of cell wall synthesis

Answer 1

Beta lactam antibiotics and vancomycin

Question 2

Beta lactam antibiotics are

Answer 2

Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems
Monobactams

Question 3

Inhibitors of protein synthesis

Answer 3

Inhibit 50s ribosomal subunit ( macrolides, linezolid )
Inhibit 30s ribosomal subunit
( Aminoglycosides , tetracyclins )

Question 4

Inhibitors of 50s ribosomal subunit

Answer 4

Macrolides
Linezolid

Question 5

Inhibitors of 30s ribosomal subunit

Answer 5

Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclins

Question 6

Inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis

Answer 6

Quinolones

Question 7

Inhibit transpeptidation reaction essential for bacterial cell wall synthesis

Answer 7

Penicillin and Cephalosporins

Question 8

Sensitive penicillins are inactivated by …..

Answer 8

Beta lactamase enzymes

Question 9

Drugs that are effective against streptococcus pneumoniae and hemophilus influenza

Answer 9

Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin with clavulanate ( B- lactamase inhibitors)

Question 10

Drug that is effective against staph.aureus infection

Answer 10

Flucloxacillin

Question 11

Drug that effective against pseudomonas infection

Answer 11

Ticarcillin

Question 12

Adverse effects of penicillin

Answer 12

Hypersensitivity reaction (anaphylactic shock)
Neurotoxicity
Superinfection

Question 13

First generation of Cephalosporins is

Answer 13

Cephalexin

Question 14

Second generation is

Answer 14

Cefuroxime

Question 15

Third generation is

Answer 15

Cefotaxime

Question 16

Adverse effects of Cephalosporins

Answer 16

Hypersensitivity reaction
Super infection
Nephrotoxicity

Question 17

Example of monobactams is

Answer 17

Aztreonam

Question 18

Drugs that are resistant to beta lactamases

Answer 18

Monobactams (aztreonam)

Question 19

Drugs that are active against gram negative bacteria like aminoglycosides

Answer 19

Monobactams (aztreonam)

Question 20

Drugs that also inhibit cell wall synthesis

Answer 20

Monobactams (Aztreonam)

Question 21

Examples of carbapenems

Answer 21

Imipenem
Meropenem

Question 22

Drugs that have a broad spectrum of activity ( against gram positive and negative bacteria)

Answer 22

Carbapenems ( imipenem and meropenem)

Question 23

Drugs that are inactivated by a renal proteolytic enzyme and must therefore be combined with cilastatin which inhibits the enzyme

Answer 23

Carbapenems (imipenem and meropenem)

Question 24

Drug which is only active against gram positive bacteria

Answer 24

Vancomycin

Question 25

Used in if the patient is allergic to penicillin and in MRSA cases

Answer 25

Vancomycin

Question 26

Adverse effects of vancomycin

Answer 26

Ototoxicity Red neck syndrome

Question 27

Drug that bind reversibly to the 50s ribosomal subunit and inhibit bacterial protein synthesis

Answer 27

Macrolides

Question 28

Drug that effective against gram +ve bacteria

Answer 28

Macrolides

Question 29

Examples of macrolides

Answer 29

Erythromycin Azithromycin Clarithromycin

Question 30

Used in allergy of penicillin

Answer 30

Macrolides (erythromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin)

Question 31

Drugs that bind to 30S subunit so inhibit protein synthesis

Answer 31

Aminoglycosides and tetracycline

Question 32

Drugs that are effective against gram -ve bacteria ( pseudomonas infections )

Answer 32

Aminoglycosides

Question 33

Example of aminoglycosides

Answer 33

Streptomycin Neomycin Amikacin Gentamicin

Question 34

Adverse effects of aminoglycosides

Answer 34

Nephrotoxicity (Reversible renal tubular damage) Ototoxicity Neuromuscular blockade

Question 35

Drugs that are effective against most gram positive and most gram negative bacteria

Answer 35

Tetracyclins

Question 36

Example of tetracycline

Answer 36

Cholrtetracycline Oxytetracycline Doxycycline

Question 37

Adverse effects of tetracyclins

Answer 37

Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea Superinfection Yellow discoloration of teeth and deformity of bone Hepatotoxic Nephrotoxic

Question 38

Drug that is binds to 50s subunit to inhibit protein synthesis (bactericidal)

Answer 38

Linezolid

Question 39

Drug that is active against positive cocci especially vancomycin and methicillin resistant staph.aureus

Answer 39

Linezolid

Question 40

Adverse effects of linezolid

Answer 40

Thrombocytopenia and GI disturbance.

Question 41

Drugs that inhibit DNA gyrase

Answer 41

Fluoroquinolones

Question 42

Drug that is effective against gram -ve bacteria

Answer 42

Fluoroquinolones

Question 43

Examples of fluoroquinolones

Answer 43

Moxifloxacin Levofloxacin

Question 44

Adverse effects of fluoroquinolones

Answer 44

Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea Arthropathy