Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Clinical Medicine Lecture - Professor Kramer > Pneumonia > Flashcards

Pneumonia Flashcards

(53 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

CAP

A

acute, patient was not hospitalized or in long term care facility within the last 14 days or more before presentation

Typical , Atypical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

HCAP

A

in hospital for 2 or more days within last 90 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

HAP

A

patient with infection occurring 48 or more hours after hospital admission

hospitalized for something different like HA or MI or stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

VAP

A

patient with infection occurring 48 or more hours after endotracheal intubation

they are intubated or on a ventilator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pediatric pneumonia

A

CAP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

CAP typical pathogens

A
  1. Strep pneumo
  2. Haemophilus influenzae
  3. M. cat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

CAP atypical pathogens

A
  1. Mycoplasma pneumonia
  2. Chlamydia
  3. Legionella
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

CAP - outpatient organisms and tx

A

Strep pneumo
Mycoplasma pneumonia

previously healthy then give them MACROLIDE (axithromycin, clarithromycin) OR DOXYCYCLINE

if other comorbids give fluoroquinolones ( levofloxacin, moxifloxacin), azithromycin + augmentin, cefuroxime

follow up 1 week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

CAP - hospitalized - organisms and tx

A

S. pneumo
M. pneumo

fluoroquinolones ( levofloxacin, moxifloxacin)
consider macrolide + ceftriaxone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

CAP hospitalized ICU bed organisms and tx

A

s. pneumo
staph
legionella

fluoroquinolones ( levofloxacin, moxifloxacin) + beta lactam -(ampicillin,ceftriaxone)

consider: fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin, moxifloxacin) + clindai

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

HCAP - organisms and tx

A

s. pneumo
h. flu
potentially drug resistant

OUTPATIENT: fluoroquinolones ( levofloxacin, moxifloxacin)

consider: macrolide + augmentin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

HAP - organisms

A

s. pneumo
h. flu
staph
pseudomonas

ADMISSION:
EARLY/LOW RISK - fluoroquinolones ( levofloxacin, moxifloxacin)

consider ceftriaxone or Unasyn

LATE/HIGH RISK - cefepime pr pipercillin-tazobactam, levofloxacin + vancomycin (MRSA coverage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

VAP - organisms and tx

A

s. pneumo
h. flue
staph
pseudomonas
acinetobacter
stenotrophomonas maltophilia

< tx is same as high risk/late HAP>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Aspiration pneumonia and tx

A

anaerobes - fusobacterium, bacteroides

clindamycin - best for mixed flora in the mouth

consider: augmentin and Imipenem - carbapentum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Neonate - just born (pediatric pneumonia) - organism and tx

A

Group B strep
listeria

2/3 women have it (try and treat mom before baby comes out)

amoxicillin or ceftriaxone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

1-3 month (pediatric pneumonia) - organisms and tx

A

Chlamydia
s. pneumo

amoxicillin or ceftriaxone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

3m-5y (pediatric pneumonia) - organisms and tx

A

s. pneumo
mycoplasma (atypical starts to creep up)

amoxicillin or ceftriaxone
but macrolide for mycoplasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

5-18 years (pediatric pneumonia) - organisms and tx

A

mycoplasma
s.pneumo

macrolides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

CAP Typical H & P

A

fever
cough
dyspnea
chest pain pleuritic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

CAP Atypical H & P

A

GRADUAL and insidious onset
low fever
slowly worsening cough
diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

CAP Typical - Physical

A

tachypnea
crackles
dull percussion
increased TF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

CAP Atypical - Physical

Study These Flashcards
A

pharyngeal injection
cervical adenopahty
normal lung finding at first - remember slow onset
non toxic appearance

23
Q

s. pneumo suptum color & CXR?

Study These Flashcards
A

rust color & lobar infiltrate, patchy

24
Q

when do we usually get staph? staph on CXR?

Study These Flashcards
A

just after a viral illness

multi lobar infiltrates

25
Kiebsiella pneumoniae sputum color and symptoms?
brown currant jelly & and symptoms seen in alcoholics or nursing home patients
26
pseudomonas
recently hospitalized , debilitated or immunocompromised and usually forms abscess
27
H. flu causes symptoms in______ & ____.
elderly and COPD
28
Legionella symptoms
diarrhea, vomiting and nausea
29
M. pneumo symptoms and CXR?
upper and lower respiratory tract symptoms & and CXR shows interstitial infiltrates - RETICULONODULAR PATTERN
30
Bacterial Pneumonia Diagnostic studies?
CXR Sputum Gram stain - help direct tx. Blood cultures maybe: ABG
31
Typical CXR?
consolidation , one lobe, concentrated
32
Atypical CXR?
diffuse , cloudy
33
CURB 65 ( admit them or not)
``` confusion BUN > 19 Resp. rate > 30 BP < 90/60 > or equal to 65 ```
34
Viral pneumonia pathogens and tx
``` influenza A and B RSV adenovirus parainfluenza virus rhinovirus ``` tx: mostly supportive but.... : influenza - Zanamivir or Oseltamivir (Amantadine / Rimantadine) CMV - Ganciclovir RSV - Ribavirin
35
Viral pneumonia H & P?
sudden onset fever arthralgia sore throat rhinorrhea
36
Viral pneumonia diagnostic studies?
Rapid antigen detection kits | CXR
37
Viral pneumonia CXR findings?
diffuse infiltrates | similar to atypical cloudy
38
Fungal pneumonia pathogens
Coccidioidomycosis Cryptococcosis (pigeon shit) Histoplasmosis (bird shit, CD$ <50) Pneumocystosis jiroveci (CD4<200) - classic of AIDS and bactrum - TMP-SMX - for prophylactic treatment immunicompromise and workers or farmers
39
Fungal pneumonia risk factor geographic locations?
Histoplasmosis - Mississippi, ohio Coccidiomycosis - SW US and NW mexico
40
Is fungal pneumonia cough productive or not?
usually nonproductive
41
Fungal specific test for Coccidiomycosis?
IgG and IgM
42
Fungal specific test for cryptococcosis?
india ink
43
Fungal specific test for histoplasmosis?
urine antigen
44
fungal pneumonia CXR finding?
Patchy infiltrate military - little dots consolidation or cavitation CT or MRI for hemorrhagic lesions
45
when do you use fiberoptic bronchoscopy?
obtain bronchial lavage specimens from staining and culture techniques
46
histoplasmosis prognosis?
80 % mortality if untreated but 25% if treated
47
Fungal pneumonia complications?
hematogenous dissemination - especially in immunocompromised
48
Fungal pneumonia tx?
pneumocystis - TMP-SMX for empiric and preventative (CD4 <200) alternatives: Dapsone, Pentamidine, Atovaquone
49
Tx for uncomplicated fungal pneumonia ?
oral antifungals: fluconazole, itraconazole) for months
50
Tx for complicated fungal pneumonia ? ( disseminating or meningeal)
IV antifungals : Amphotericin B
51
HIV related pneumonia pathogens?
pneumocystosis jiroveci
52
HIV related pneumonia Hx?
exertion dyspnea nonproductive cough pleuritic chest pain anorexia and weight loss findings are disproportionate to image results - lungs may sound normal but the Pulse OX is low
53
HIV related pneumonia tx?
treat underlying type of pneumonia treat HIV with highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART)

Clinical Medicine Lecture - Professor Kramer (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions