PNRC 01

Question 1

3 Symptoms of preeclampsia

Answer 1

generalized edema, HTN (that wasn’t there before pregnancy), and proteinuria.

Question 2

What are the three processes that could result in surfactant not being produced?

Answer 2

Hypothermia, hypoxia, and acidosis

**This results in premature surfactant which will not have PG present.

Question 3

What is polyhydraminos? and what likely causes it?

Answer 3

Increase of amniotic fluid, commonly caused from anencephaly.

Question 4

What can help jump start lung development in a premature baby?

Answer 4

Corticosteroids

Question 5

What are the two common corticosteroids used for lung development?

Answer 5

Betamethasone/Dexamethasone

Question 6

What are the three treatments for preeclampsia

Answer 6

Deliver the fetus, antihypertensives, and magnesium sulfate (for seizure activity)

Question 7

What is the most reliable way to assess pulmonary maturity?

Answer 7

To screen for the presence of PG

Question 8

What do you want the L:S ratio to be in a healthy person?

Answer 8

2:1 or greater

Question 9

What are the 3 shunts in order?

Answer 9

Ductus Venous- Bypasses the liver
Foramen Ovale- Inside the heart, allows opening between atria
Ductus Arteriosus- ???

Question 10

How does the ductus arteriosis close?

Answer 10

closes due to an increase in oxygen

Question 11

Meconium is usually present when what?

Answer 11

When the baby is under stress/hypoxia

Question 12

What are the two hallmark signs that the mother is experiencing placental abruption?

Answer 12

Decrease in BP and sudden fetal distress (severe bradycardia and acidosis)

Question 13

The umbilical cord is made up of what?

Answer 13

two arteries and one vein

Question 14

What purpose does the amniotic fluid serve?

Answer 14

Protects the baby, allows for movement, and temperature regulation.

Question 15

What is found in between the arteries and vein in the cord that allows for extra protection?

Answer 15

Wharton’s Jelly- Helps prevent damage such as kinking of the umbilical cord.

Question 16

What allows for the baby to survive in such a hypoxic environment while in utero?

Answer 16

The production of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) which increased the it’s affinity to oxygen

Question 17

What does the presence of variable decels tell us?

Answer 17

It can be either good or bad, and if it is bad, it’s typically affiliated with cord compression.

Question 18

What are the 4 ways to assess prenatal status?

Answer 18

Ultrasound
Amniocentesis
Nonstress Test and Contraction stress test
Fetal Biophysical Profile

Question 19

What is the one thing to remember with fetal biophysical profile testing?

Answer 19

This test is primarily done with people who are have high risk pregnancies

Question 20

What is the number one cause of bradycardia?

Answer 20

Hypoxia. Bradycardia is defined as <100

Question 21

What HR is considered tachycardic?

Answer 21

> 180

Question 22

Accelerations during HR fetal monitoring tells us what?

Answer 22

This is a good thing. It means the infant is tolerating the contractions very well.

Question 23

What age ranges can put someone in a high risk pregnancy?

Answer 23

<17 years or >35

Question 24

Term infant

Answer 24

38-42 weeks

Question 25

When is the person considered a fetus?

Answer 25

from 8 to 40 weeks

Question 26

At what point will the child have at least some 'true alveoli' and when does the alveoli eventually stop developing?

Answer 26

at 36 weeks and will continue to develop until age 8

Question 27

Define tocolysis

Answer 27

``` Procedure using several meds to help prolong birth of a premature baby. The medications aim to: 1 stop labor 2 increase lung maturity 3 increase Hb 4 increase fetal development ```

Question 28

Increase in pressure in the left side of the heart helps close which shunt?

Answer 28

Foramen Ovale

Question 29

What purpose does the ductus arteriosis serve?

Answer 29

Diverts blood from the pulmonary arteries away from the lungs to the aorta

Question 30

What are three true things regarding fetal lung fluid?

Answer 30

1 comes from the amniotic fluid 2 keeps airways open in utero 3 helps airways keep their shape

Question 31

Three complications that can arise from a post-term birth

Answer 31

1 Oligohydraminos 2 Placental Insufficiency 3 Meconium

Question 32

Most common cause of placental abruption

Answer 32

Maternal HTN

Question 33

Pressure necessary for a baby to take a breath

Answer 33

Needs to be minimum -40 to -100 cmH2O

Question 34

What is the primary factor that drives the baby to first start breathing?

Answer 34

Increase of PaCO2 (Birth asphyxia)

Question 35

Define gestational age

Answer 35

Age from conception up to the current date. | *If baby was born at 26 weeks and has been born for 4 weeks= gestational age of 30 weeks (26+4)