PNS

Question 1

epineurium

Answer 1

outermost layer of connective tissue; dense, includes collagen fibers

Question 2

perineurium

Answer 2

loose connective tissue that surrounds fascicles (bundles of nerve fibers)

Question 3

endoneurium

Answer 3

loose connective tissue that surrounds individual nerve fibers

Question 4

cranial nerves

Answer 4

12 pairs; 1st from cerebrum, last 11 from brain stem

Question 5

ganglia

Answer 5

bundles of neurons outside CNS

Question 6

CN I

Answer 6

olfactory; associated with sense of smell; sensory

Question 7

CN II

Answer 7

optic; associated with vision; sensory

Question 8

CN III

Answer 8

oculomotor; associated with eye movement; motor; both somatic and autonomic

Question 9

CN IV

Answer 9

trochlear; motor to superior oblique muscle

Question 10

CN V

Answer 10

trigeminal, largest, from pons, sensory and motor

Question 11

CN V1

Answer 11

ophthalmic; impulses from surface of eye, tear gland, skin of the anterior scalp, upper eyelid; sensory

Question 12

CN V2

Answer 12

maxillary; upper teeth, gums, lip, mucous lining of palate and facial skin; sensory

Question 13

CN V3

Answer 13

mandibular; both sensory and motor; floor of mouth, scalp behind ears, muscles of mastication and some on the floor of the mouth

Question 14

CN VI

Answer 14

abducens; abducts the eye, originate from medulla oblongata; motor

Question 15

CN VII

Answer 15

facial; both sensory and motor; muscles of facial expression

Question 16

CN VIII

Answer 16

vestibulocochlear; sensory for hearing and balance; vestibular located in ganglia in inner ear; cochlear in ganglia of cochlea for hearing

Question 17

labyrinthitis

Answer 17

inflammation of CN VIII, varying degrees of vertigo

Question 18

CN IX

Answer 18

glossopharyngeal; tongue and pharynx; both sensory and motor

Question 19

CN X

Answer 19

vagus; both sensory and motor; only nerve to extend beyond head and neck

Question 20

CN XI

Answer 20

accessory nerve; originate in medulla oblongata and spinal cord; cranial branch joins vagus; spinal supplies motor fibers to trapezius and SCM muscles; motor

Question 21

CN XII

Answer 21

hypoglossal; motor; arise from medulla oblongata

Question 22

cervical nerves

Answer 22

8 pairs (C1-C8); 1-7 exit above, 8th exits below

Question 23

thoracic nerves

Answer 23

12 pairs (T1-T12); exit below

Question 24

lumbar nerves

Answer 24

5 pair (L1-L5); exit below

Question 25

sacral nerves

Answer 25

5 pairs (S1-S5); exit below

Question 26

coccygeal nerves

Answer 26

1 pair (C0); exit below

Question 27

cauda equina

Answer 27

where the spinal cord ends in an adult around L1-2

Question 28

2 branches of spinal nerve

Answer 28

dorsal root | ventral root

Question 29

dorsal root

Answer 29

sensory/afferent; identified by dorsal root ganglion (enlargement) containing sensory neurons that conduct impulses inward from peripherals; back door

Question 30

ventral root

Answer 30

motor/efferent; motor neurons in gray matter of cord; front door

Question 31

recurrent meningeal branch

Answer 31

reenters vertebral canal and supplies meninges and blood vessels of the cord

Question 32

dorsal ramus

Answer 32

turns posteriorly; innervates muscles and skin of back

Question 33

ventral ramus

Answer 33

continues forward to supply muscles and skin on the front and sides of trunk/limbs

Question 34

visceral branch

Answer 34

arise from spinal nerves in thoracic and lumbar regions; autonomic NS

Question 35

grey rami communicantes

Answer 35

everywhere; parasympathetic

Question 36

white rami communicantes

Answer 36

sympathetic; T1-L2 only

Question 37

plexus

Answer 37

complex network of fibers that are sorted and recombined

Question 38

cervical plexus

Answer 38

branches of the first 4 cervical nerves, supply muscles and skin of neck

Question 39

phrenic nerves

Answer 39

C3-5; regulate diaphragm

Question 40

brachial plexus

Answer 40

ventral rami of lower 4 cervical nerves and 1st thoracic

Question 41

musculocutaneous nerve

Answer 41

C5-7; anterior arm muscles, skin of forearm

Question 42

ulnar nerve

Answer 42

C8-T1; muscles of forearms, hands and skin

Question 43

median nerve

Answer 43

C5-T1; muscles of forearms, hands and skin

Question 44

radial nerve

Answer 44

C5-T1; muscles of arms on posterior; skin of forearms and hands

Question 45

axillary nerve

Answer 45

C5-6; muscles of skin of superior, lateral, posterior regions of arm

Question 46

lateral pectoral nerve

Answer 46

C5-7

Question 47

medial pectoral nerve

Answer 47

C8-T1

Question 48

dorsal scapular nerve

Answer 48

C5

Question 49

lower subscapular nerve

Answer 49

C5-6

Question 50

thoracodorsal nerve

Answer 50

C6-8

Question 51

suprascapular nerve

Answer 51

C5-6

Question 52

long thoracic nerve

Answer 52

C5-7

Question 53

lumbar plexus

Answer 53

ventral rami of lumbar nerves 2-4