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BRS - Neuro > PNS > Flashcards

PNS Flashcards

1
Q

What do somatic afferent nerves do?

A

convey information from skin, skeletal muscle and joints

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2
Q

What do somatic efferent nerves do?

A

convey information to skeletal muscles

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3
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

an area of skinthat is supplied by a single spina lnerve

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4
Q

What is a myotome?

A

group of muscles innervated by a single spinal nerve

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5
Q

What do visceral afferent nerves do?

A

carry information from the viscera (thoracic, abdominal & pelvic organs)

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6
Q

What do visceral efferent nerves do?

A

innervate the viscera (organs) + periphery (vasculature + sweat glands)

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7
Q

How can visceral efferent nerves be classified?

A

→ sympathetic

→ parasympathetic

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8
Q

What is the difference in areas being innervated by visceral sympathetic and parasympathetic?

A

Parasympathetic only innervates the viscera (organs)

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9
Q

What is the difference between a ganglion and a nucleus?

A

→ Ganglion: collection of cell bodies OUTSIDE the CNS

→ Nucleus: collection of cell bodies INSIDE the CNS

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10
Q

Where are the cell bodies of all PNS afferent nerve fibres?

A

Spinal ganglia

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11
Q

Where do visceral efferent nerves synapse?

A

Peripheral ganglion

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12
Q

What is a plexus?

A

network of interconnecting nerves

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13
Q

How are peripheral nerves arranged?

A

In fasciculi - 3 layers of connective tissue

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14
Q

What are the 3 layers of connective tissue in fasciculi?

A

→ epineurium = External vascular layer of fasciculi
→ perineurium = Covers individual fascicles
→ endoneurium = covers individual axons

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15
Q

What 2 classification systems are used to classify peripheral nerves?

A

→ conductional velocity

→ axonal diameter

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16
Q

How does the conduction velocity system work?

A

Uses ABC, A = fastest

17
Q

How does the axonal diameter system work?

A

Uses Roman numerals I-IV, I = largest diameter

18
Q

What 2 classification systems are used to classify sensory receptors?

A

→ source of stimulus

→ mode of detection

19
Q

How are sensory receptors classified by source of stimulus?

A

→ detection of internal info e.g. Exteroreceptors

→ detection of internal info eg. proprioceptors, enteroreceptors

20
Q

What do exteroreceptors detect?

A

Pain + temperature + touch + pressure

21
Q

What do proprioceptors detect?

A

Receptors in muscles + joints, detects movement + joint position

22
Q

What do enteroreceptors detect?

A

→ Movement through gut

→ blood ph

23
Q

Give 3 examples of proprioceptors.

A

→ joint receptors - found in joint capsules and
detect the start and the end of movement
→ muscle spindles - detect changes in muscle length
→ Golgi tendon organs - detect changes in tension in tendons

24
Q

Name 5 different types of sensory receptors.

A
  • Chemoreceptors: detect molecules which bind to receptor
  • Photoreceptors: detect light in retina
  • Thermoreceptors: detect temperature in skin
  • Mechanoreceptors: detect mechanical pressure or distortion
  • Nociceptors: detect tissue damage, interpreted as pain
25
Q

What is a neuromuscular junction?

A

specialised synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle fibre

26
Q

What is a motor unit?

A
  • A single motor neuron together with all the muscle fibres that it innervates
  • It is the smallest functional unit with which to produce force
  • On average each motor neuron supplies about 600 muscle fibres
  • Stimulation of one motor unit causes contraction of all the muscle fibres in that unit
27
Q

What is a reflex action?

A

involuntary coordinated pattern of muscle contraction +

relaxation caused by peripheral stimuli

28
Q

What are the 5 general steps of a reflex action?

A
  1. Stretching stimulatesSENSORY RECEPTOR (muscle spindle)
  2. SENSORY NEURON activated
  3. Within the INTEGRATING CENTRE (spinal cord) sensory neuron activates motor neuron
  4. MOTOR NEURON excited
  5. EFFECTOR (same muscle) contracts and relieves the stretching
29
Q

What does the visceral sensory part of the autonomic nervous system do?

A

Relay sensory information from the core

30
Q

What does the visceral sensory part of the autonomic nervous system detect?

A

Pain, fullness, blood pressure, etc.

31
Q

What nerves are apart of the visceral sensory of the autonomic nervous system?

A

T1-L2, S2-S4 and cranial nerves IX and X

32
Q

What does the visceral motor part of the autonomic nervous system do?

A

Outflow to core and body wall

33
Q

What does the visceral motor part of the autonomic nervous system detect?

A

Controls pupils, sweat glands, salivary glands, heart muscle, airways

34
Q

What nerves are apart of the visceral motor of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Thoracolumbar (T1-L2) and craniosacral outflow (cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X)

BRS - Neuro (10 decks)

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