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Daddy Pharm > PNS (Exam 2) > Flashcards

PNS (Exam 2) Flashcards

1
Q

T/F
Most drugs either have a direct effect on the central nervous system or a side effect on the system.

A

False
peripheral

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2
Q

T/F
Any PNS alteration in normal function could be life-threatening to the individual.

A

True

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3
Q

PNS broken down into two major components

A

Somatic (skeletal muscle)
Autonomic (SNS and PNS)

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4
Q

Somatic nervous system controls..

A

skeletal muscles

Somatic Skeletal

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5
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

controls other bodily functions required for life

subdivided into:
Sympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system

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6
Q

T/F
the peripheral nervous system is a subdivision of the autonomic system.

A

False

Peripheral NS:
Autonomic (sympathetic & parasymp)
Somatic

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7
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

Provides CNS and reflexive control of skeletal muscles.

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8
Q

Gap junctions

A

Na ions flow between fibers here to allow stimulation

contraction of all linked fibers (motor unit)

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9
Q

T/F
There is a nerve for every muscle fiber.

A

False
That is too much work
body clumps fibers together as motor unit
one nerve innervates the unit

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10
Q

T/F
large muscle groups (glutes, biceps, triceps, calves) have less fibers per motor unit.

A

False
small muscles (fingers) = fewer muscle fibers per unit (finer control)

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11
Q

Nerve fibers leave spinal cord from ___.

A

all levels

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12
Q

Motor nerves synapse at ….

A

only at their final destination (the muscle)

the motor end plate

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13
Q

T/F
There are no motor unit synapses in the SC.

A

True

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14
Q

T/F
The Autonomic NS provides reflexive control of skeletal muscles

A

False
Somatic NS

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15
Q

NMB affect which part of the nervous system?

A

Somatic

Suxx Somatic

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16
Q

motor units

A

groups of muscle fibers

innervated by a single nerve fiber with axonal branches going to individual muscle fibers

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17
Q

T/F
All motor nerves are myelinated

A

True

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18
Q

Somatic NS

NT at motor end plate
receptor type

A

acetylcholine

nicotinic (N1 type [old term], neuromuscular nAChR)

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19
Q

Transmission down motor axonal link occurs how quickly

A

~1/10 of a second
<2/10 sec

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20
Q

⭐️
NACHr (nicotinic) receptor

A

nicotonic = ionophore
pentameric
2 Ach bind to open
Na+ influx
raises internal voltage
depolarization

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21
Q

Autonomic Nervous System
controls…

A

body homeostasis

BP, RR, Temp
internal/smooth muscles (not skeletal)

Regulates hormonal secretions

tone & motility of smooth muscles

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22
Q

Most tissues (except _____) are innervated by at least one branch of the ___.

A

skeletal muscles
Autonomic NS

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23
Q

serves as a positive and negative control system

A

Many tissues innervated (or serviced) by both branches (sympathetic and parasympathetic)

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24
Q

T/F
Most tissues are innervated by only one branch of the autonomic NS.

A

False
most are innervated by both branches of the ANS (parasymp & symp)

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25
Q

“override”

A

Blocking one system (parasymp or symp) allows other to take over

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26
Q

Predominant control system of the heart

A

Parasympathetic

27
Q

Ganglion

A

collection of nerves that synapse
signals travel towards destination tissue

28
Q

ganglia location
sympath vs parasymp

A

sympathetic: close to SC (paravertebral chain)

parsymp: closer to innervated tissue

some exceptions exist
sometimes ganglia can be used by both symp & parasymp

29
Q

ganglionic receptors of symp & and parasymp are

A

nicotinic
“ganglionic nicotinic”
“nAChR”
“neuronal”

30
Q

neuronal refers to

A

ganglionic nicotinic receptors

31
Q

the preganglionic neurons of both symp & parasymp use which NT?

A

ACh

both cholinergic

32
Q

T/F
the N2 receptor is the only receptor that can control Autonomic output and transmission to post-ganglionic fibers.

A

False
they are the single most important but not the only one

33
Q

post-ganglionic fibers

A

exit ganglion and travel to tissue they innervate

34
Q

Sympathetic
Post Ganglionic/end organ tissue receptor

A

adrenergic
(norepi)

35
Q

Sympathetic
Post Ganglionic/end organ tissue NT

A

Norepi

36
Q

Parasymp
Postganglionic fiber/end organ

A

cholinergic
muscarinic (primarily G-protein)

37
Q

T/F
Post-ganglionic receptors of the parasympathetic nervous system are ionophores.

A

False
muscarinic (G-protein)

38
Q

Mainly controls sedentary functions.

A

Parasympathetic Nervous System

39
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System
actions

A

Stimulates:
Digestion
peristalsis
HCL acid production
salivation
lacrimation
Miosis (smaller pupils)

40
Q

T/F
Controlling the lens allows us to alter pupil diameter.

A

False
Use iris to control pupil diameter

41
Q

mydriasis vs miosis

A

mydriasis: dilation

miosis: constriction

myDriasis = Dilate

42
Q

ciliary muscle

A

controls lens; focusing

43
Q

Parasympathetic control shifts the eye’s focus ____

A

closer

44
Q

accomodation

A

focusing in on shorter distance
Ie: reading

45
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System
Exits spinal column from ….

A

cranio-sacral regions (upper and lower regions).

46
Q

Synapses at ganglia close to innervated tissue.

A

Parasympathetic

47
Q

Parasympathetic
ratio of incoming to outgoing fibers

A

1:1
provides fine control

48
Q

Parasympathetic
NT @ pre-ganglionic (N2, neuronal nAChR) & post-ganglionic (muscarinic)

A

ACh

49
Q

N2 receptor

A

Preganglionic receptor
nicotinic
“nAChR”
“neuronal”

50
Q

Sympathetic
Exits spinal column from…

A

thoraco-lumbar regions

51
Q

Synapses at ganglia (paravertebral chain) that lies close spinal cord

A

Sympathetic

52
Q

Sympathetic NS
ratio of incoming to outgoing fibers

A

1:10 to 1:100
wider control
1 pre-gang fiber exits spinal column → 100 fibers exiting ganglia

(vs Parasympathetic 1:1 ratio; finer control)

53
Q

Sympathetic
NT @ pre & post-ganglionic synapse

A

pre-ganglionic: ACh

post-ganglionic: Norepi (mostly)

54
Q

T/F
Norepi is the sole post-ganglionic NT in Sympathetic nervous system.

A

False
Dopamine and epi are also present (catecholamines)

55
Q

paravertebral chain

A

series of ganglia that lies close to spinal column

normal ganglia of sympathetic NS
they synapse here

56
Q

Which has more precise control?
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic

A

Parasympathetic (1:1 ratio incoming:outgoing fibers)

(Sympathetic = 1:10 to 1:100)

“Parasym = Precise”

57
Q

Adrenal Medulla

A

acts as a giant ganglion

pre-gang fibers can go straight here instead of paraverteb. chain

mechanism for affecting wide-ranging tissues

58
Q

Adrenal Medulla vs normal ganglion

A

Adrenal Medulla:
NTs in cell body & its cells release NTs directly into bloodstream

-no axon stimulation
-does not use synapse
-secretes epinephrine : norepinephrine in an 80:20 ratio
(vs post-gang receptor that secretes mostly norepi)

59
Q

The adrenal medulla is stimulated by…

A

preganglionic Ach release from Sympathetic system

60
Q

Adrenal Medulla
secretion

A

epi : norepi
80:20 ratio

directly into bloodstream

61
Q

Epi vs Norepi

A

Epi:
more constriction of BV
lasts longer in bloodstream

both are quickly metabolized in blood

62
Q

Anticholinergics override which system?

A

Parasympathetic

sympathetic will take over

63
Q

Primary tone of GI tract
what would an anticholinergic do?

A

parasympathetic
decreases GI output

Daddy Pharm (13 decks)

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