Poetry Flashcards
(117 cards)
1
Q
Term of Greek origin, meaning “to do,” or “to make.”
A
Poiesis
2
Q
The study of the origin of words and the way in which their meanings have changed throughout history.
A
Etymology
3
Q
A stringed instrument like a small U-shaped harp with strings fixed to a crossbar, used especially in ancient Greece. Modern instruments of this type are found mainly in East Africa.
A
Lyre
4
Q
Three major schools of poetry:
A
1) Epic
2) Lyric
3) Dramatic
5
Q
Poetry that deals in heroic exploits, tend to be rather lengthy
A
Epic Poetry
6
Q
Poetry of personal experience, tends to be shorter
In ancient times, was recited by Bards as they strummed a Lyre.
A
Lyric Poetry
7
Q
Often referred to as “theory of knowledge”, but more generally it is a brand of philosophy dealing in knowledge and justified belief.
from Greek “knowledge, understanding”
A
Epistemology
8
Q
Of or relating to knowledge or knowing
A
Epistemic
9
Q
An implicit identification in which the thing compared is referred to by a word or words of a different kind of experience
A
Metaphor
10
Q
An explicit comparison, linking the thing compared and the thing compared to with “like” or “as”
A
Simile
11
Q
(Gr. “act of taking together”; “understanding one thing with another”)
A whole is represented by naming one of its parts (genus named for species), or vice versa (species named for genus).
A
Synecdoche
- part for whole
- species for genus
- genus for species
12
Q
(Gr. “change of name”)
One word is substituted for another on the basis of some material, causal, or conceptual relation.
A
Metonymy
- container/thing contained
- agent for act, product, object possessed
- time or place for their characteristics or products
- associated object for its possessor or user
13
Q
A daring statement which unites seemingly contradictory words which on closer examination proves to have unexpected meaning and truth.
A
Paradox
14
Q
Figure of speech that yokes together two seemingly contradictory elements; a form of condensed verbal paradox
A
Oxymoron
15
Q
A deliberate understatement, esp. when expressing a thought by denying its opposite
A
Litotes
16
Q
A form of overstatement; pronounced exaggeration
A
Hyperbole
17
Q
A reference to something held in common, esp. cultural and artistic artifacts
A
Allusion
18
Q
Endowing nonhuman entities or abstractions with human characteristics
A
Personification
19
Q
A warping of meaning by context
A
Irony
20
Q
(fr. Gk. symbolon “mark, token, sign”; symballein “to put together”)
Something endowed with meaning in excess of the literary
A
Symbol
21
Q
“to answer with the same sound”
repetition of vowel sounds
A
assonance
from Latin assonare
22
Q
the repetition of the sound of an initial consonant or consonant cluster in stressed syllables close enough to each other for the ear to be affected
A
alliteration
23
Q
Repetition of “s” sound [phoneme]
A
sibilance:
* orthodox definition*
24
Q
(harmony, agreement)
Repetition of final consonants in stressed
syllables that do not alliterate or rhyme
A
consonance
25
identical sound, in two or more words, of an accented vowel as well as of all the sounds following that vowel, while the consonantal sounds immediately preceding the vowel differ in each word
true rhyme
26
classical term which covers the various types of rhyme other than true rhyme
omoioteleton
27
end rhyme
rhymed line endings
28
falling rhyme
(“feminine” rhyme):
| end rhymes with falling (“feminine”) meters
dactyls and trochees
29
rhymes of one syllable (morn/born)
single rhymes
30
rhymes of two syllables (singing/ringing)
double rhymes
31
rhymes of three syllables (intending/descending)
triple rhymes
32
rhyming of words that have been overused for rhymes
trite rhyme
33
the pun; words twisted to make rhyme
wrenched rhyme
34
orthographic rhyming--words are spelled alike but they sound different
sight rhyme (eye-rhyme)
35
a literary device wherein the author attributes human emotions and traits to nature or inanimate objects. For example, the following descriptions refer to weather and how it affects the mood, which can add atmosphere to a story: smiling skies, somber clouds, angry storm, or bitter winter.
pathetic fallacy
36
______ is when nature conforms to the will of man. For example, if I was feeling sad, then it would rain to reflect my sadness. ________, on the other hand, is when inanimate objects or animals are given human-like characteristics
Pathetic fallacy
vs.
Personification
37
Six Basic Feet
```
Iambic
Trochaic
Anapestic
Dactyllic
Spondaic
Pyrrhic
```
38
( U / )
* the “rising” foot
* Greeks this meter was nearest to ordinary speech
Iambic
39
"Iambic" from Greek word...
iambos
40
( / U )
| * the “falling” foot
Trochaic
41
"Trochaic" from Greek words...
trochee: “running”
choree: “belonging to the dance”
42
( U U / )
| * orig. a warlike marching rhythm
Anapestic
43
"Anapestic" from Greek meaning...
“beaten back”
- -reversed dactyl
- -verse begun with a “beat” of the foot
44
( / U U )
Dactyllic
45
"Dactyllic" from Greek meaning...
“finger”
46
( / / )
Spondaic
47
"Spondaic" from Greek meaning...
* Gk. “used at a libation”
| - -poured to the accompaniment of the 2 long notes
48
( UU )
Pyrrhic
49
"Pyrrhic" from Greek meaning...
“used in the pyrriche or war dance"
* alt. dibrach “of 2 short syllables”
50
incomplete syntax at the end of a line; meaning runs over from one poetic line to the next, without terminal punctuation.
syntactical unit carries over into the next couplet
enjambment
"open" line
51
complete syntax at the end of a line.
syntactical unit completed in second line
end-stop
"closed" line
52
from "new logo," meaning "new word."
akin to a newly coined term
neologism
53
In true rhyme, which consonant can vary?
the first consonant, since the following vowel and consonants are fixed to the rhyme.
54
Three kinds of stresses
1) Lexical stress
2) Metrical stress
3) Rhetorical stress
55
Most ancient form of poetry, most notably some ancient Anglo-Saxon poetry
4 beats separated by caesura (2x2)
56
a half-line of verse, followed and preceded by a caesura, that makes up a single overall prosodic or verse unit
hemi-stitch
57
"to scan"
scansion
58
methodology for scanning a poem:
1) count syllables
2) scan multi-syllabic words
3) use contextual evidence to determine stress in single-syllable words
59
Major forms of prosodies:
Syllabic
Accentual
Accentual-Syllabic
60
Regularity of syllable count suggests...
Syllabic Verse
61
Verse whose meter is determined by the number of stressed syllables—regardless of the total number of syllables—in each line.
Accentual Verse
62
Verse whose meter is determined by the number and alternation of its stressed and unstressed syllables, organized into feet. From line to line, the number of stresses may vary, but the total number of syllables within each line is fixed. The majority of English poems from the Renaissance to the 19th century are written according to this metrical system.
Accentual-syllabic verse
63
A metrical foot consisting of two unaccented syllables followed by an accented syllable. The words “underfoot” and “overcome” are anapestic. Lord Byron’s “The Destruction of Sennacherib” is written in anapestic meter.
Anapest
64
A stop or pause in a metrical line, often marked by punctuation or by a grammatical boundary, such as a phrase or clause. A medial _______ splits the line in equal parts, as is common in Old English poetry
caesura
65
A metrical foot consisting of an accented syllable followed by two unaccented syllables; the words “poetry” and “basketball” are both dactylic. Tennyson’s “The Charge of the Light Brigade” is written in dactylic meter.
Dactyl
66
A line of verse composed of two feet
Dimeter
67
The basic unit of measurement of accentual-syllabic meter
foot
68
A metrical foot consisting of an unaccented syllable followed by an accented syllable. The words “unite” and “provide” are both iambic. It is the most common meter of poetry in English
Iamb
69
The rhythmical pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in verse
meter
70
A line made up of five feet
pentameter
71
applies to the rhyming of one or more unstressed syllables, such as “dicing” and “enticing.”
feminine rhyme
72
A metrical foot consisting of two accented syllables
spondee
73
A metrical foot consisting of an accented syllable followed by an unaccented syllable. Examples of trochaic words include “garden” and “highway.”
trochee
74
A French phrase meaning “free verse.”
free from metrical constraints
vers libre
75
poetic meter consisting of four lines which alternate between iambic tetrameter and iambic trimeter, rhyming in the pattern a-b-a-b.
Ballad
76
two major characteristics of poetic meter are:
1) type of foot
| 2) how many repetitions
77
Compound words are usually what English foot?
Spondaic
"glug, glug"
78
rooted in the latin word for "animals," this term often refers to a list of animal or catalogue of critters.
bestiary
79
rhyme form determined by the _______ and not the lines separating the stanzas.
rhyme scheme
80
The brief stanza that ends French poetic forms such as the ballade or sestina. It usually serves as a summation or a dedication to a particular person.
Envoi/Envoy/Tornada
81
The art of 'shaped' poems in which the visual force is supposed to work spiritually or magically.
Technopaegnia
82
"the turn" in the sonnet happens around...
the volta happens around lines 8-9 at the end of the octave and start of sestet.
83
Italian/Petrachan Sonnets
ABBAABBA octave and a sestet:
| CDECDE (Italian
or)
CDCDCD (Sicilian)
84
English/Shakesperean Sonnets
Three Sicilian Quatrain + heroic couplet
ABAB (the issue)
CDCD (modulation of issue)
EFEF (modulation of issue)
GG (concluding couplet)
85
poems that say something with how the words are painted on the page
Concrete Poetry
86
iambs, anapests are both examples of...
masculine rhyme
87
trochees, dactyls are both examples of...
feminine rhyme
88
prefixes for -meter when identifying the meter in lines of verse
```
mono-
di-
tri-
tetra-
penta-
hexa-
hepta-
octa-
```
89
Stanzaic form comprised of 2 lines
Couplet:
1) Open
2) Closed
3) Heroic (iambic pentameter couplet (first used by Chaucer)
90
Stanzaic form comprised of 3 lines
Tercet
1) Triplet: three consecutive rhymes
2) Terza Rima: linked tercets rhyming aba bcb cdc (etc.)
91
Stanzaic form comprised of 4 lines
Quatrain
1) Italian/Brace: envelope stanza in iambic pentameter rhyme
abba
2) Sicilian/Heroic: iambic pentameter rhyme abab
3) Ballad Stanza: lines 1/3 iambic tetrameter, 2/4 trimeter,
abab or xaxa
92
Stanzaic form comprised of 5 lines
Cinquain/Quintet
Limerick lines 1/2/5 anapestic trimeter, 3/4 anapestic
dimeter, rhyme aabba
93
Stanzaic form comprised of 6 lines
Sestet/Sixain
Italian: iambic pentameter rhyming abcabc
Sicilain: iambic pentameter rhyming ababab
94
Stanzaic form comprised of 7 lines
Vanishingly rare
95
Stanzaic form comprised of 8 lines
Octave
Italian: iambic pentameter with braces abbaabba
Sicilain: iambic pentameter abababab
Ottava Rima: iambic pentameter rhyming abababcc
96
Poems structured in two refrains and two repeating rhymes, with the first and third line of the first tercet repeated alternately until the last stanza, which includes both repeated lines.
Villanelle Poetry
97
Figurative language not merely ornamental, it is...
epistemic.
98
a form of word play that suggests two or more meanings, by exploiting multiple meanings of words, or of similar-sounding words, for an intended humorous or rhetorical effect.
paronomasia
the "pun"
99
study of the rhythmic and dynamic properties of poetry
Prosody
100
"hired hands" is an example of
Synecdoche, part for whole
101
"I'll have a glass" is an example of
Metonymy, container/thing contained
102
"live by the sword" is an example of
Synecdoche, species for genus
103
"I'm reading Woodsworth" is an example of
Metonymy, agent for act/product/object possessed
104
"brandished his steel" is an example of
Synecdoche, genus for species
105
"Bloody Decade" is an example of
Metonymy, time for characteristic or product
106
"I'll have a Burgundy" is an example of
Metonymy, place for characteristic or product
107
"we await word from the crown" is an example of
Metonymy, associated object for its possessor or user.
108
requirements for true rhyme
1) identical sound, in two or more words, of an accented vowel
2) of the sounds following that vowel
3) and consonantal sounds
immediately preceding the vowel differ in each word
109
classical term which covers the various types of rhyme other than true rhyme
omoioteleton
110
wrenched rhyme
the pun; words twisted to make rhyme
111
trite rhyme
rhyming of words that have been overused for rhymes
112
CVc’ CVc’
consonance
113
falling rhyme
"feminine” rhyme
end rhymes with (“feminine”) meters (dactyls and trochees)
114
c’VC
| lowercase repeated
(accented = ' )
alliteration
115
CvC
CvC
vC
vC
cV
cV
(lowercase repeated)
(accented = ' )
assonance
116
the patterns of rhythm and sound used in poetry.
Prosody
117
a metrically incomplete line of verse, lacking a syllable at the end or ending with an incomplete foot
Catalexis
