poisoning Flashcards
(22 cards)
what is the antidote for Digoxin poisioning
digoxin immune fab
what is the antidote for paracetamol
acetylcysteine
what is the antidote for opiodes
naloxone
what is the antidote for benzodiazapines
flumazenil
what is the antidote for Iron
Deferozamine
what is the toxic metabolite of paracetamol
NAPQI
what does rattax contain
waffrin which affects vit K pathway
when can emesis be done and to who
- less than 1 hour of ingestion
- inc children
- when activated charcoal is not indicated
how is emesis done
- by stimulating the pharynx
- by Ipecacuanha (emetic aganet used to induce vomiting)
what are the contraindicatios of emesis
- low levels of conciousness
- ingested a corrosive substance
- at risk of seizures
- hydeocarbons
what is gastric lavage and what and when is it used
- it is a method used for clerance of toxins
- used when the time of ingestion is between 1 and 2 hours or less.
- it is useful when large solid substances have been ingested
what is used for gastric lavage
- large bore chatheter 32-40 in size
- 200-300 ml of tap water in adults
- 10ml/kg body temperature saline in kids
what should be done during gastric lavage
- airway monitoring
- monitpr decontamination
what are the contraindications of gatric lavage
- corrosive substance
- hydrocarbons
- risk of GI haemorrhage
- unprotected airway
for which substances is activated charcoal useful for?
- alicylates
- paracetamol
- barbiturates
- digoxin
- TCAs
what time span can activated charcoal still be used
- less than 2 hours since ingestion
- longer is delayed gastric emptying.
when do you concider multiple dose activated charoal (MDAC)
- severely poisoined patients
- substance related poisioning
- enterohepatic cycling
- ## drugs secreted into bile or intestien such as digoxin
what is activated charcoal not used for/ contraindications
- Strong acids or alkalis
- Iron salts
- Lithium
- Petroleum products
- Cyanide
- Endoscopy due
- antidotes given by mouth
what are the adverse effects of activated charoal
- vomiting
- diarrhoea/constipation
- intestinal obstruction
what is the dose of route of adminitration of AC
- oral/ via a NG tube
- for adults 50-100g in slurry with 500ml of water
- for peads 10-50g in 100 to 300ml of water
when is haemodyalisis used
for:
- lithium poisoining
- salicylates poisoining
- methonol poisoining
- it is used for renally impaired patients and those who remian detoriated despite supportive care given
what does charcoal haemoperfusion do
- it helps remove barbitibates
- theophylline and
- carbamazepine
