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7364 Critical Care Block 4 > Poisonous Plants/Mushrooms > Flashcards

Poisonous Plants/Mushrooms Flashcards

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1
Q

80% of reported plant toxicology cases occur in children of what age?

A

<= 6 years of age

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2
Q

What database can be used to identify poisonous plant species?

A

PLANTOX database

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3
Q

___ are nitrogen-containing basic xenobiotics of natural origin

A

alkaloids

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4
Q

Belladonna alkaloids are ___

a. anticholinergic
b. nicotine-like
c. cholinergic

A

a. anticholinergic

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5
Q

Datura stramonium (Jimsonweed) xenobiotic type?

A

belladonna alkaloid

primary toxicity = anticholinergic

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6
Q

100 seeds of Datura stramonium (Jimsonweed) contain up to 6mg of ___ and related alkaloids

A

atropine

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7
Q

___ may help in pts with seizures and agitated delirium from Datura stramonium (Jimsonweed)

A

physostigmine

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8
Q

A lethal dose of Nicotiana glauca (Tree Tobacco) is as small as __ mg/kg, but more likely with > __ mg/kg

A

1, 4

wearing of protective clothing is essential for tobacco farm workers

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9
Q

What is Conium maculate (Poison Hemlock) primary toxicity?

A

nicotinic

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10
Q

What is the vector for poisoning with the nicotinic toxic Conium maculate (Poison Hemlock)?

A

birds

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11
Q

Which is toxic with increasing age?

a. Coniine
b. gamma-coniceine

A

a. Coniine

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12
Q

Which is toxic in new growth?

a. Coniine
b. gamma-coniceine

A

b. gamma-coniceine

death occurs 1-16 days after ingestion

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13
Q

What is Areca catechu (Betel nut) primary toxicity?

A

cholinergic

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14
Q

What is the AE of prolonged use of Areca catechu (Betel nut)?

A

dental decay and oral cancer

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15
Q

Which determines the subtype of glycoside?

a. glycone
b. aglycone

A

b. aglycone

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16
Q

Digoxin is derived from ___

a. Digitalis lanata (Grecian foxglove)
b. Digitalis purpurea (Purple foxglove)

A

a. Digitalis lanata (Grecian foxglove)

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17
Q

What is Convallaria majalis (Lily of the Valley) primary toxicity?

A

cardiac

xenobiotic = convallatoxin

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18
Q

What is Thevetia peruviana (yellow oleander) primary toxicity?

A

cardiac

as little as two seeds can produce severe symptoms in adults

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19
Q

What are 2 Tx options for Thevetia peruviana (yellow oleander) cardiac toxicity?

A

activated charcoal

digoxin-specific antibody

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20
Q

Two genuses of terpenes/resins?

A

Rhododendron

Toxicodendron

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21
Q

Primary toxicity of Rhododendron?

Study These Flashcards
A

cardiac

neurologic

22
Q

Which plant is associated with “mad honey”?

23
Q

Poison ivy genus/species name?

Study These Flashcards
A

Toxicodendron radicans

24
Q

3 main protein/peptides/lectins

Study These Flashcards
A

ricin
pokeweed
hypoglycin

25
Ricinus communis (Castor bean) class of xenobiotics?
lectins/toxalbumins
26
Ricinus communis (Castor bean) primary toxicity?
gastrointestinal
27
Treatment after oral ingestion of ricin?
- early aggressive fluid/electrolyte replacement | - activated charcoal
28
Phytolacca americana (Pokeweed) class of xenobiotics?
lectins
29
What is the most commonly ingested toxic plant lectin in the US?
Phytolacca americana (Pokeweed) rarely causes toxicity/death if consumed after appropriate parboiling
30
Which plant causes Jamaican vomiting sickness?
Blighia sapida (Ackee fruit) primary toxicities: metabolic, GI, neurologic
31
Left untreated, Jamaican vomiting sickness mortality reaches ___ %
80
32
Treatment for Blighia sapid (Ackee fruit) toxicity?
- dextrose/fluid replacement - benzos for seizures - L-carnitine
33
Phenols and phenylpropanoids are devoid of ___
nitrogen
34
Karwinskia toxins are a type of phenol/phenylpropanoid toxin a. true b. false
a. true
35
What is primary toxicity of Karwinskia humboltiana (Buckthorn)?
neurologic symmetric motor neuropathy bulbar paralysis cranial nerve findings are absent
36
__ is the predominant finding on biopsy of Karwinskia humboltiana (Buckthorn) toxicity
demyelination
37
Tx for Karwinskia humboltiana (Buckthorn) toxicity?
supportive care | mechanical ventilation prn
38
Cicuta maculata (water hemlock) is what type of xenobiotic?
alcohol primary toxicity: neurologic
39
Hemlock ingestions usually involve children a. true b. false
b. false adults
40
Ingestion of as little as a 2cm section of Cicuta maculata (water hemlock) can cause ___
status epilepticus Tx: - supportive/symptomatic care - immediate gastric evacuation - benzos for seizures
41
___ both increase and block sodium flow a. aconite b. veratrum alkaloids c. taxine d. grayanotoxins
d. grayanotoxins
42
___ tend to open sodium channels a. aconite b. veratrum alkaloids c. taxine d. grayanotoxins select two
a, b
43
What is the xenobiotic of Philodendron (common household plant)?
oxalate rawhides (carboxylic acid)
44
What is the xenobiotic of Toxicodendron plan?
urushiol oleoresins (terpenes and resins)
45
Which group of mushrooms contains cyclone-tides?
group I amatoxins, phallotoxins, virotoxins
46
Group I mushrooms: What is the most toxic of the cyclone-tides?
amatoxins causes hepatic, renal, and CNS damage
47
Group I mushrooms: What toxin causes GI dysfunction?
phallotoxins
48
Group I mushrooms: Which phase is associated with hepatic/renal toxicity and death?
phase III Phase I = severe gastroenteritis ``` Phase I (5-24hrs after ingestion) Phase II (12-36hrs after ingestion) phase III (2-6 days after ingestion) ```
49
Tx for group I mushroom toxicity?
fluid/electrolyte repletion dextrose repletion activated charcoal
50
Cimetidine is not recommended for group I mushroom toxicity a. true b. false
a. true also not recommended: - thioctic acid - pen G
51
What is given as an antidote for group I mushroom toxicity?
N-acetylcysteine hepatoprotective effects

7364 Critical Care Block 4 (4 decks)

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