Polarity Flashcards by Cindy Saavedra

If the electronegativity is less than or equal to 0.4 it is _____

nonpolar

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If the electronegativity is greater than 0.4 it is _____

Polar

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In polar bonds there is always a positive and a negative, how do you know which one is the negative?

The negative is the one that has the most pull, the greedy one, the one that pulls the most to one side, the bigger number

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The seven diatomic molecules are _____ (polar/nonpolar)

truly nonpolar

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The seven diatomic molecules appear _______

as twins in nature

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What are the seven diatomic molecules?

H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2

Horses Need Oats For Clean Brown I’s

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What are the greedy elements?

N, O, F

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When a molecule has polar bonds, it may be polar overall. Being polar overall means what?

It must have polar bonds and it must be unbalanced/asymmetrical (this means one side is pulling more than the other and that if we split it, it would not be even)

Ex: H20
This is polar because the Oxygen is a greedy element and has more of a pull than hydrogen making oxygen negative and hydrogen positive. This is asymmetrical so it is polar

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Is CH4 polar or nonpolar?

Nonpolar because it is the same all around. All of the three surrounding elements around the central atom are positive (no pull). It is symmetrical because they are all hydrogens

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CH2Cl2 is ____ (polar/nonpolar)

It is polar because the Cl is pulling the molecule to one side making it negative and the Hydrogens positive. This is asymmetrical so it is polar

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Is CF4 polar or nonpolar

Nonpolar because the F’s are all negative and its the same all around making it symmetrical

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What are the 4 bonds I need to know?

O-H
N-H
C-O
C-H

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Is O-H polar or nonpolar? which one is positive and which is negative?

Polar, Oxygen is negative and Hydrogen is positive

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Is N-H polar or nonpolar? which one is positive and which is negative?

Polar, N is negative and H is positive

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Is C-O polar or nonpolar?

Polar

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Is C-H polar or nonpolar? which one is positive and which is negative?

Nonpolar, because it is nonpolar neither is negative or positive since neither one is pulling

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In O-H if O=3.5 and H=2.1, what is its electronegativity, what is its polarity and which is positive and negative?

1.4
Polar because it is greater than 0.4
Oxygen is negative because its the bigger number

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In N-H if N=3.0 and H=2.1, what is its electronegativity, what is its polarity and which is positive and negative?

0.9
Polar because its greater than 0.4
Nitrogen is negative because it is bigger

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In C-O if C=2.5 and O=3.5, what is its electronegativity, what is its polarity and which is positive and negative?

1.0
Polar, because it is greater than 0.4
Oxygen is negative because it is the bigger number

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In C-H if C= 2.5 and H=2.1, what is its electronegativity, what is its polarity and which is positive and negative?

0.4
Nonpolar because it is less than or equal to 0.4
Neither is negative because it is nonpolar

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Is CO2 polar or nonpolar

Nonpolar because there are two oxygens and both are negative, even though oxygen is greedy and has more pull since there are two oxygens(one on each side) their pull cancels eachother out

Because there is equal pull on both sides it is symmetrical so it is nonpolar

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Is HCN polar or nonpolar?

Polar because the Nitrogen is greedy so it is negative and pulls more in its direction, the Hydrogen is positive this means that it is asymmetrical so it is polar

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If a molecule dissolves in water is it polar or nonpolar?

Polar

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If a molecule does not dissolve in water is it polar or nonpolar?

Nonpolar

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For the most part if you see lone pairs, this means the molecule is ___

Polar

Is alcohol polar or nonpolar?

Polar because alcohol dissolves in water

Is oil polar or non polar?

Nonpolar because oil cannot dissolve in water

Is Ammonia polar or nonpolar?

Ammonia is NH3, it has a lone pair on top of N and the N has a greater pull this makes it polar Ammonia is also able to dissolve in water

Is House paint polar or nonpolar?

nonpolar because your house does not melt when it rains

What are Intermolecular Forces (IMF)?

Forces that make molecules want to stick together (or not stick together)

What are examples of IMF?

Ion-Dipole Dipole-Dipole H-Bond is a subset of Dipole-Dipole Dipole-Induced Dipole Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole Also called dispersion

Dipole means ____

Polar

Ion-Dipole is an ___ with a ___

Ion with a polar molecule

NaCl with H20 is an example of which type of IMF?

Ion-Dipole NaCl is an ion because it is a metal and a nonmetal H2O is Dipole because water is polar

Is Ion-Dipole a strong or weak force?

Weak force

Why is Ion-Dipole a weak force?

Weak because you can get this back by drying it out

Dipole-Dipole is ____ with ____

polar, polar

Ammonia with alcohol is an example of which IMF?

Dipole-Dipole because Ammonia and alcohol are both polar Ammonia is polar because it dissolves in water, has a lone pair, and N-H is one of the need to know bonds that is polar Alcohol is polar because the oxygen is pulling more than the hydrogens and alcohol dissolves in water

Is Dipole-Dipole a strong or weak bond?

Strong

Hydrogen Bond (H-bond) is a subset of _____

Dipole-Dipole

Is the H-bond considered a bond?

No, it is not a bond

Is H-bond strong or weak ?

Very Strong

H-bond occur with ___, ____, and ____ with a Hydrogen attached

N, O, F

How is an H bond arranged?

Arranged as a positive to a negative Both need a hydrogen attached in order for it to be an H-bond

Fluorine is a ____ (Solid, liquid, gas)

gas

Cl is a ____ (Solid, liquid, gas)

gas

Br is a ____ (Solid, liquid, gas)

Liquid

I (Iodine) is a ____ (Solid, liquid, gas)

Solid

Dipole-Induced Dipole is a ____ with a ____

Polar, nonpolar

is Dipole-induced dipole a strong or weak bond?

Very weak

in Dipole-Induced Dipole a water molecule ___ electrons to ____

induces, move away

In Dipole-Induced Dipole ____(polar/nonpolar) molecules induce _____ (temporary/permanent) weak dipoles on the nonpolar

Polar, temporary

Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole is ____ with _____

Nonpolar, nonpolar

If it is just carbons and hydrogens it is ____ (polar/nonpolar)

Non polar

In induced dipole-induced dipole electrons ____ causing one side to be slightly positive and one side to be slightly negative

Repel

What is the difference between Dipole-Induced Dipole and Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole?

One has a polar molecule the other one does not have any

What physical properties do IMFs affect?

Boiling Point, Viscosity, Surface Tension, Vapor Pressure

As IMF increase Boiling point ____

increases

Why does Boiling point increase when IMFs increase

the higher the IMF the stronger it is so the boiling point needs to be high in order to be able to break up the molecule

Which molecule has the most IMF oil or water?

Oil because even though water is polar, oil is bigger in size than water

Which is bigger in size Fluorine or Iodine?

Iodine

What is viscosity?

resistance to flow, how thick it is

As IMF increases viscosity ____

increases

What is surface tension?

Tension at the surface

As IMF increases the surface tension ____

increases

What is an example of surface tension?

Dropping water on a penny and it starts forming a bubble on top of the penny but it does not burst or fall over A water spider on top of water- it walks on top of the water but it never falls through it

What is Vapor Pressure?

Pressure (amount) of a vapor over its liquid Vapor pressure is going up into the atmosphere

As IMF increases vapor pressure _____

Decreases

Why does vapor pressure decrease as IMF increases?

Because as sun hits a liquid, it wants to vaporize, it gives water energy. As IMF increases will it want to go up into the atmosphere? No it wants to stay with the other molecules A molecule with high vapor pressure and low IMF will go into the atmosphere faster than a molecule with low vapor pressure and high IMF

Who has the stronger IMF Water or Oil?

Oil because it is boiled at a higher temperature, oil is also thicker(higher viscosity) than water

Who has a stronger IMF Ketchup or Vinegar?

Ketchup because it is thicker, Ketchup has a lower vapor pressure If you spilled ketchup and vinegar you would smell vinegar instantly and the ketchup would take a minute for you to be able to smell it. This is because Vinegar has a lower IMF

If you spilled Ketchup and Vinegar why would you instantly smell the vinegar over the ketchup?

If you spilled ketchup and vinegar you would smell vinegar instantly and the ketchup would take a minute for you to be able to smell it. This is because Vinegar has a lower IMF and high Vapor pressure so it is released/goes into the atmosphere faster/before the ketchup will

Who has a higher IMF pancake batter or oil?

pancake batter because it has a higher viscosity

Who has a higher IMF Alcohol or Water?

Water because it has a higher boiling point than alcohol If you spilled both, you'd instantly smell the alcohol because it has a high vapor pressure

Given these two molecules what IMFs hold them together: | H2O and CH3CH2OH

Dipole-dipole, H-bond Because they are both polar and there is an OH bond

Given these two molecules what IMFs hold them together: | SO2 + SO2

Dipole-Dipole because they are both polar

Given these two molecules what IMFs hold them together: Oil + Gas

Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole Both oil and gas do not dissolve in water making them both non-polar

Given the electronegativity of Boron ( 2.04) and Sulfur (2.58) is the B-S bond polar or nonpolar?

It is polar because 0.54 is greater than 0.4

Given these two molecules what IMFs hold them together: KCl + NH3

Ion-Dipole KCl is an ion, NH3 is polar

Given these two molecules what IMFs hold them together: CO2 and Water

Dipole-induced Dipole CO2 is nonpolar and Water is polar

Given these two molecules what IMFs hold them together: NH3 and water

Dipole- dipole with hydrogen bond

Why is CO2 and water dipole-induced dipole but NH3 and Water is dipole-dipole with H bond?

The CO2 and water does not have an H bond because Oxygen will be bonded to a hydrogen in water but in CO2 there is no Hydrogen In NH3 and Water both have an H bond In order for it to be considered an H bond both must have a hydrogen attached

Given these two molecules what IMFs hold them together: CO2 + CH4

Induced dipole-induced dipole both are nonpolar

Polarity Flashcards

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