Poliomyelitis

Question 1

What is poliomyelitis

Answer 1

Inflammation of the spinal cord

Question 2

polio mainly affects children

Answer 2

under 5

Question 3

how is polio transmitted?

Answer 3

person-to-person through fecal-oral route

Question 4

Step 1 Polio transmission

Answer 4

Virus enters mouth

Question 5

Step 2 Polio transmission

Answer 5

virus replicated in pharynx, GI, lymph, etc

Question 6

Step 3 polio transmission

Answer 6

hematologic spread of virus to lymph and CNS

Question 7

Step 4 polio transmission

Answer 7

virus spreads along nerve fibers

Question 8

Step 5 polio transmission

Answer 8

destruction of motor neurons

Question 9

How long can polio remain present in stool

Answer 9

up to 6 weeks

Question 10

What does the poliomyelitis virus infect and affect

Answer 10

motor neurons in the spinal cord & Peripheral nerves; flaccid paralysis

Question 11

Signs and symptoms of polio

Answer 11

fever, fatigue, headache, vomiting, stiffness of neck, pain in limbs

Question 12

How many patients die due to diaphragm paralysis

Answer 12

5-10%

Question 13

Types of Wild Poliomyelitis

Answer 13

Mahoney, Lansing, Sabin

Question 14

Type 1 WPV

Answer 14

Mahoney; paralysis 1/200

only one left in circulation

Question 15

Type 2 WPV

Answer 15

Lansing

eradicated in 199

Question 16

Type 3 WPV

Answer 16

Sabin
less virulent with paralysis 1/1000
eradicated 2019

Question 17

Bulbarpolio

Answer 17

affects cranial nerve effectors

impacts nerves of soft palate and pharynx

Question 18

What CN does bulbar polio affect

Answer 18

9 and 10

Question 19

Spinal Polio

Answer 19

affects the spinal nerves leading to arms and legs

most common symptom is unilateral paralysis

Question 20

Bulbospinal polio

Answer 20

medulla part of brain and spinal nerve that lead to arms and legs

Question 21

Post Polio Syndrome

Answer 21

estimated 25-40% of individuals who contracted polio will experience pain and muscle weakness in 15-40 years after infection

Question 22

Clinical Considerations of Polio

Answer 22

flail ankle 
valgus ankle
knee deformity 
atrophy 
external rotation 
LLD

Question 23

Compensatory Presentation of Polio

Answer 23

well-developed shoulders and upper extremities

lumbar lordosis

Question 24

Genu Recurvatum

Answer 24

knee is stable (cannot buckle)

increased energy cost

Question 25

Genu Varum

Answer 25

Knee is lateral to hip and ankle increased stress on: Lower back, ankle, LCL, medial knee compartment

Question 26

Genu Valgum

Answer 26

Knee is medial to hips and ankles increased stress on: Lower back, ankle, MCL, lateral knee compartment

Question 27

Acute Polio treatment phase

Answer 27

treat symptoms, maintain ROM, prevent deformity

Question 28

Recovery Polio treatment phase

Answer 28

therapy, surgery, orthoses

Question 29

What does the swedish knee cage correct

Answer 29

genu recuvarum

Question 30

How does the Swedish knee cage correct

Answer 30

shorter lever arm = increased force allows knee flexion posteriorly directed force