Vascular Disease

Question 1

Peripheral Vascular Disease

Answer 1

a disease that affects the vascular system (arteries, veins, lymph)

Question 2

PVD Risk Factors

Answer 2

obesity
increased blood pressure
family history
kidney disease
DM
over the age of 50
Poor Diet 
Lack of exercise 
Smoking 
Drug Use

Question 3

Functional PVD

Answer 3

no defects in the blood vessel structure
usually brief in effects
no organic cause
narrowing

Question 4

What can functional PVD be attributed to:

Answer 4

Emotional Stress
Cold temperatures
Medications
Work-related activities (vibration or heavy tool use)

Question 5

Organic PVD

Answer 5

Caused by structural changes to the blood vessels

Question 6

What can organic PVD be attributed to:

Answer 6

smoking
DM
High blood pressure
High cholesterol

Question 7

What is the primary presentation of functional PVD

Answer 7

Raynaud’s Disease

Question 8

Types of Organic PVD

Answer 8

Peripheral Artery Disease (common) 
Atherosclerosis 
DVT 
Varicose veins 
Thrombophlebitis 
Lymphedema

Question 9

Ankle Brachial Index

Answer 9

commonly used to diagnose PVD

compares blood pressure in the ankle to the blood pressure in your arm

Question 10

Doppler ultrasound

Answer 10

identify blocked arteries

Question 11

Angiography

Answer 11

MRA (magnetic resonance)

Question 12

MRA includes the use of:

Answer 12

magnetic field imaging

Question 13

CTA includes the use of:

Answer 13

X rays for assessments

Question 14

PVD complications

Answer 14

poor wound healing
ulceration
risk of amputation

Question 15

Treatment for PVD

Answer 15

cessation of smoking
lower blood pressure
lowering cholesterol
diet and exercise

Question 16

Peripheral Artery Disease

Answer 16

build-up of plaque in the peripheral arteries

plaque consists of fat, cholesterol, and fibrous tissue

Question 17

Arterial Ulcers

Answer 17

intermittent claudication of pain 
no edema 
no pulse or weak pulse, no drainage 
round smooth sores 
black eschar

Question 18

Venous Ulcers

Answer 18

Dull, Achy pain 
lower leg edema 
pulse present drainage 
sores with irregular borders 
yellow slough or Ruddy Skin

Question 19

Risk factors for developing PAD

Answer 19

atherosclerosis 
smoking 
poor diet 
high blood pressure 
increased blood sugar levels 
Age

Question 20

what is the most common cause of PAD

Answer 20

atherosclerosis

Question 21

PAD increases the risk of developing:

Answer 21

coronary heart disease
Myocardial infarction
cerebrovascular accident
transient ischemic attack

Question 22

Transient ischemic attack

Answer 22

mini stroke

before any permanent damage is done

Question 23

Clinical Presentations of PAD

Answer 23

pain 
numbness
cramping 
color changes 
shiny skin 
weakened distal post

Question 24

Intermittent Claudication

Answer 24

occurs during physical activity due to increased blood flow required by muscles

Question 25

How often does intermittent claudication occur in PAD patients

Answer 25

10% of the time

Question 26

Symptoms of intermittent claudication

Answer 26

pain or cramping in: butt, thighs, calves, feet

Question 27

How to diagnose PAD

Answer 27

Doppler ultrasound, ABI, Angiography, Blood tests

Question 28

angioplasty (PAD treatment)

Answer 28

restore blood flow catheter with balloon is placed stent may be placed to keep artery open

Question 29

Atherectomy (PAD Treatment)

Answer 29

small cutting device placed into the blood artery with a catheter to remove plaque buildup

Question 30

Raynaud's Phenomenon

Answer 30

results due to spasms in the small arteries

Question 31

Where is Raynaud's most common

Answer 31

hands

Question 32

Primary Raynaud's

Answer 32

not related to an associated medical condition | common

Question 33

Secondary Raynaud's

Answer 33

due to underlying medical issue age of 40 lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma

Question 34

Raynaud Risk Factors

Answer 34

``` climate age substance exposure family history sex occupation ```

Question 35

Raynaud Symptoms

Answer 35

``` decreased temperature numbness tingling skin color change stinging upon warmth ulcers in severe cases ```

Question 36

Stage 1 Raynaud

Answer 36

area turns white due to lack of blood flow

Question 37

Stage 2 Raynaud

Answer 37

Are turns blue due to lack of oxygen

Question 38

Stage 3 Raynaud

Answer 38

area turns red as blood returns

Question 39

Raynaud Intervention

Answer 39

reduction of tissue damage addressing the underlying medical condition minimizing the severity and number of attacks

Question 40

Calcium Channel Blockers

Answer 40

dilates the small blood vessels | pill form

Question 41

Vasodilators

Answer 41

dilates blood vessels (relax) | topical or pill

Question 42

Nerve injections

Answer 42

injection of botox to block sympathetic nerves in the affected area

Question 43

Surgical Innervations

Answer 43

nerve cutting to interrupt exaggerated response to stimuli sympathectomy is performed using small incision

Question 44

Buerger's Disease

Answer 44

Thrombaugiitis obliteraus

Question 45

Risk Factors Buerger

Answer 45

smoking (almost everyone diagnosed uses tobacco) | age (young/middle age male)

Question 46

Buerger Disease Clinical Presentation

Answer 46

intermittent claudication progressing to pain while resting decreased capillary and venous refilling time change in skin color

Question 47

Buerger Intervention

Answer 47

Smoking cessation medication to dilate blood vessels and dissolve clots amputation if infection or gangrene develops