Political Obligation and Anarchism

Question 1

Weber definition of the state

Answer 1

a political organisation that maintains a monopoly of the legitimate use of force and offers to protect everyone within a certain territory

Question 2

Hobbes state of nature

Answer 2

nature has made us equal, naturally anyone can kill anyone else whether through cunning or strength etc

Question 3

what does hobbes say we want

Answer 3

we all want the same stuff, because of this we are paranoid others are trying to take our stuff

Question 4

what does this competition cause

Answer 4

hobbes says we are in a natural state of war as everyone is a threat to everyone else and everyone has reason to fight everyone else

Question 5

how can we leave this natural state of war

Answer 5

a strong sovereign power is needed

Question 6

Hobbes justification for political authority

Answer 6

it is an instrumental justification, we should obey the state because the consequences of not doing so would be awful

Question 7

tacit consent to the social contract

Answer 7

we effectively consent to political authority by existing in a given state

Question 8

hypothetical consent to the social contract

Answer 8

we would have signed the social contract if we ever found ourselves in a state of nature scenario

Question 9

huemers four forms of tacit consent

Answer 9

consent through acceptance of benefits, consent through silence, consent through participation and consent through presence

Question 10

huemers criticism of tacit consent to the social contract

Answer 10

in real contracts parties must have a reasonable way of opting out, contractual obligations are mutual and conditional but these dont apply to social contract

Question 11

huemer against hypothetical consent analogy

Answer 11

you find a book on your doorstep, read it, love it and then the owner turns up a week later saying you owe him £40, you do value the book at £40 but originally believed it was free - are you now obliged to pay the owner £40?

Question 12

collective anarchism

Answer 12

economic mutualism, ultra socialist, communalism, ‘social solidarity is the first human law, freedom is the second law’ - Bakunin

Question 13

individual anarchism

Answer 13

free market, private property, ultra liberal, atomism, market relations and anarcho capitalism