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UK Politics > political parties > Flashcards

political parties Flashcards

1
Q

old labour (social democracy)

A

key labour principles embodying nationalisation, redistribution of wealth, largely rejected thatcherite/ free market reforms

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2
Q

new labour (third way)

A

revision in traditional labour values, influenced by Anthony Giddens. shifted from a focus on working class to a wider class base

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3
Q

one nation

A

a paternalistic approach adopted by conservatives under leadership of Disraeli, continued by Cameron and may. Rich had an obligation to help the pooir

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4
Q

Neo-conservatives

A

want the state to take a more authoritarian approach to morality and law and order

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5
Q

neo-liberals

A

endorse free market approach and rolling back of the state in peoples lives

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6
Q

party systems

A

the way or manner in which the political parties in a. system are grouped and structured i.e. one party, two party, multi party

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7
Q

what are political parties?

A

groups with the purpose of winning elections at various levels

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8
Q

what are the three main features of political parties?

A

-excerice power through gaining office
- broad policy focus
- shared idealogy

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9
Q

what are the functions of political parties?

A
  • representation
  • policy formulation
  • recruiting leaders
  • organisation of government
  • participation
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10
Q

what type of government does fptp create?

A

single party majority

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11
Q

what type of party system does FPTP support?

A

two party system

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12
Q

what is vital for selecting leadership of a party?

A

party membership

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13
Q

how much of the population do party members make up?

A

around 2%

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14
Q

what was the size of the majority in 1997?

A

178

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15
Q

what was the size of majority in 2001?

A

166

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16
Q

what was the size of the majority in 2015?

A

12

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17
Q

what was the size of majority in 2019?

A

80

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18
Q

how could the decline in government majority improve democracy?

A

more parties are gaining seats in parliament meaning representation is better, could be seen through SNP gain in 2015

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19
Q

in 2015 how many seats did SNP win?

A

56/59

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20
Q

what makes voting patterns and turnout less predictable?

A

partisan dealignment

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21
Q

how many strongly align themselves with a political party?

A

9%

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22
Q

?how can partisan dealignment be shown

A

decreasing levels of party membership

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23
Q

how are political parties funded?

A
  • membership fees
  • donations
  • grants
  • short money
  • cranbourne money
  • electoral commission
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24
Q

in 2017 how much did the conservatives get from donations?

A

almost £35 million

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25
Q

in 2017, how much did SNP get from donations?

A

around £2 million

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26
Q

in 2017, how much did labour receive from party membership income?

A

around £16 million much more than conservatives

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27
Q

what did the Political Parties, Elections, and Referenda Act 2002 (PPERA) establish?

A

established the electoral commission with the purpose of regulating party finance

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28
Q

how does the electoral commission regulate party finance?

A
  • parties must submit audits of donations that the commission makes public
  • donations in excess of £7500 must be declared to the commission and be made public
  • short money was increased
29
Q

what did the conservatives do to short money in 2016?

A

reduced the amount of short money available by £3.6 billion and introduced greater transparency measures

30
Q

when was and who introduced short money?

A

in 1974 by then leader of the Commons Edward Short

31
Q

what is short money?

A

allocates money to opposition parties depending on both the number of seats they hold and the number of votes they receivedwh

32
Q

who is short money available to?

A

any party that:
- secured atleast two seats
- secured one seat but received more than 150,000 votes nationally

33
Q

how much is the leader of the opposition given to run their office?

A

over £850,000

34
Q

for 2023/2024, in total, how much short money is Labour able to claim?

A

over £7,500,000

35
Q

what policy does Sinn Fein follow in Parliament?

A

abstentionism

36
Q

what does abstentionism mean?

A

Sinn Fein do not take their seats in Parliament

37
Q

can Sinn Fein claim short money?

A

no, because they dont swear the oath of allegiance of the king

38
Q

what money can Sinn Fein claim

A

representative money

39
Q

what is the purpose of representative money?

A

to recognise that such elected officials have a duty to represent their constituents even if they are abstentionists

40
Q

in 2023/2024, how much representative money can Sinn Fein claim?

A

£190,000

41
Q

when was and who introduced Cranbourne Money?

A

1996 and named after the Leader of the House of Lords

42
Q

what is Cranbourne money?

A

equivalent of short money in the lords

43
Q

why are short money and Cranbourne money important?

A

essential for opposition parties to carry to their functions in parliament.

44
Q

what was the Bernie Ecclestone and Labour Party scandal?

A

Ecclestone donated £1 million to the Labour Party which was not made public. After this, labour fundraisers began talks with Ecclestone for a second donation

45
Q

why is the Bernie Ecclestone example controversial?

A

because the government then announced possibly excluding formula one from a tobacco sponsorship ban as a result of the donation.

46
Q

did anything change after the Bernie Ecclestone scandal?

A

Blair apologised on TV for his government handling of the decision to exempt formula one from the tobacco sponsorship ban. Labour returned the £1 million to Ecclestone

47
Q

What was the cash for honours scandal?

A

Blairs government was accepting donations in return for peerages. Chai Patel donated £1.5 million in secret to the Labour Party and was nominated for a peerage

48
Q

why was cash for honours controversial?

A

it brought to light financial corruption in the system and the ability of the wealthy to buy influence.

49
Q

what happened after the cash for honours scandal?

A

Blair was investigated and put through a thorough blast in the media

50
Q

what was Johnson honours list?

A

Johnson resignation list includes peerages for No 10 aides such as Charlotte Owen (said to be in her late 20s) and Nadine Dorries (threw the lockdown party).

51
Q

why is Johnson honours list controversial?

A

happened whilst Johnson was being investigated by the privileges committee on charge if misleading the house.

52
Q

What happened after Johnsons honours list was revealed?

A

He offered a slimmed down version of the list

53
Q

how much registered donations did the conservatives receive in 2019?

A

£19.4 million

54
Q

How much registered donations did labour receive in 2019?

A

£5.4 million

55
Q

how much registered donations did the brexit party receive?

A

£4.2 million

56
Q

reasons for state party funding?

A
  • reducing party dependence on vested interests
  • state funding could be done democratically, using election support
  • state party funding could avoid controversy around donations to secure peerages
57
Q

reasons against state party funding?

A
  • steady income may make parties complacent and weaken their link to society
  • SPF may reinforce already existing political biases and the two party system
  • there is a lack of public support
58
Q

what is evidence to suggest that devolved institutions are becoming multi party system?

A

SNP and green coalition in Holyrood
Labour ans Plaid Cymru in Senned
Sinn Fein and DUP in Stormant

59
Q

since 1979, what % of the seats have labour and conservative won?

A

over 80%

60
Q

in 2019, what % of the seats did labour and conservatives win?

A

87%

61
Q

what % of the votes did labour and conservative win in 2019?

A

78%

62
Q

yes the UK is still a two party system?

A
  • GEs maintain the two party system
  • media coverage focuses primarily on the two parties
  • general elections are out important due to parliamentary sovereignty
63
Q

no the UK is not a two party system?

A
  • class and partisan dealignment mean voters no longer feel as strongly of the two major parties
  • minor parties are having more impact
  • in devolved elections, there is a multi party system
64
Q

during election campaigns, what tends to happen to support of minor parties?

A

tends to fade as the electorate realise that the two party system cannot be broken without electoral reform.

65
Q

in 2017, what % of appearances did the conservative party have in national press?

A

over 45%

66
Q

in 2017, what % of appearances did the Labour Party have in national press?

A

over 35%

67
Q

in 2017, what % of appearances did the Green Party have in the national press?

A

around 1%

68
Q

examples of negative headlines from 2019 GE

A

the sun : Save Brexit, Save Britain and Jazzes Jihadi Comrades
Daily Mail: [corbyn] condemned by his own candidates
guardian: apologists for terror

UK Politics (5 decks)

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