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AP Human Geography > Political Patterns and Processes Unit 5 > Flashcards

Political Patterns and Processes Unit 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

A state is a…

A

political unit with a permanent population and boundaries that are recognized by other states that allows for the administration of laws, collection of taxes, and provision of defense.

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2
Q

Sovereignty is…

A

The power of a political unit to rule over its own affairs.

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3
Q

A nation is…

A

People who think of themselves as one based on a shared sense of culture and history and who desire political autonomy.

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4
Q

A Nation-State is…

A

A state within a single nation

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5
Q

A Multi-national state is…

A

A state with 2 or more nations (Most states)

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6
Q

Stateless nation is…

A

A nation who does not have their own independent state.

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7
Q

A Multi-state Nation is…

A

A nation living across states.

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8
Q

An autonomous region is…

A

An area which governs itself but is not an independent country

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9
Q

A semi-autonomous region is…

A

An area which can govern itself in certain areas but does not have complete power to govern.

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10
Q

Micro State

A

Monaco

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11
Q

Sovereignty is…

A

The power of a political unit to rule over its own affairs.
Right to defend territorial integrity
Right to govern

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12
Q

Self-Determination is…

A

The process by which a country determines its own statehood and forms its own allegiances and government.

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13
Q

What is a sovereignty dispute?

A

What two or more states claim an area, this often results in war.

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14
Q

Nationalism is…

A

Desire by a large group of people to form a operate country with a government that represents them or rejoin a country it had been separated from.

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15
Q

Imperialism is…

A

The influence of one country on another; characterized by the desire to expand power/wealth.

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16
Q

Colonialism is…

A

When countries act upon their imperialistic desires and set up colonies; rule by an autonomous power over a subordinate people and place that creates unequal cultural and economic relations.

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17
Q

Borders drawn by outsiders =

A

Separation of populations and forced containment of rivals.

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18
Q

Independence movements are…

A

An area that believes it should be its own country (self-determination)

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19
Q

Neocolonialism is…

A

A form of indirect control through the use of economic/political pressures to control of influence other countries, especially former colonies in which they continue to be exploited.

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20
Q

Political Power is…

A

Represented in the form of government practiced by a state.

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21
Q

Democracy is…

A

Government where power resides with the majority.

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22
Q

Republic is…

A

Government where power resides in a Boyd of citizens entitled to vote.

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23
Q

Authoritarian is…

A

Government with a strong central power

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24
Q

Territoriality is…

A

The connection of people, their culture, and their economic systems to the land.

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25
Devolution is...
The transfer of decision-making power form a central government to a lower level.
26
Shatterbelts are...
Region continuously endangered by local conflicts within the state or between countries in the area, as well as the opposing great powers outside the region.
27
LOTS OF SHATTERBELT EXAMPLES IN
LESSON 4.3
28
Chokepoints are...
Geographical features such as sea or land that have significant strategic importance.
29
A boundary is...
A line that determines the limit of a state's jurisdiction
30
A relic boundary is...
A boundary that no longer exists as an international border but remnants of its existence remain.
31
A superimposed boundary is...
A boundary hat is drawn by powerful outsiders and ignores pre existing cultural groups.
32
A subsequent boundary is...
A boundary that evolves as the cultural landscape of an area takes shape and changes as the cultural landscape changes.
33
A consequent boundary is...
Boundaries that coincide with cultural group.
34
An antecedent boundary is...
A boundary in the natural landscape that existed before the cultural landscape emerged and stayed in place as people moved in.
35
A geometric boundary is...
A boundary that follows a straight line or arc.
36
Irredentism is...
When a state was to annex territory whose population is ethnically similar.
37
What are the four phases that must occur before a border is official.
1) Definition 2) Delimitation 3) Demarcation 4) Administration
38
Definition of borders is...
The boundary is negotiated and legally described
39
Delimitation or borders is...
The boundary is drawn on a map.
40
Demarcation of border is...
Markers are placed on the ground (Signs, walls, fences)
41
Administration of border is...
The boundary is maintained.
42
Demilitarized Zones are...
A buffer zone cerated by treaties/agreements between two or more military powers that. falls on either side of the actual boundary.
43
International agreements are
Establishment of formal commitments between countries on world related issues that can either encourage interactions or discourage disputes.
44
International Sanctions are...
Policies or actions designed to induce states to change their behavior.
45
UNCLOS is...
Established rights and responsibilities of states Corning ownership/usage of the seas and their resources.
46
What are the four UNCLOS Zones?
1) Territorial Sea 2) Contiguous Zone 3) Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) 4) International Waters (High seas)
47
Territorial Sea is...
Zone fo water adjacent to the state's coast (12 miles) in which a state has sovereignty.
48
The Contiguous zone is
Zone of water adjacent to the Territorial Sea (24 miles)in which a state can enforce customs, immigration, and sanitation laws.
49
EEZ is...
Zone of water adjacent to the Contiguous Zone (200 miles) In which the state has right to explore, exploit, conserve, and manage resources.
50
International Waters are...
Beyond the EEZ and all states have equal access.
51
A voting district is...
Subdivision for electing members to a legislative body. Federal, state, and local levels.
52
Redistricting is...
When voting districts are redrawn due to changes in population.
53
Good congressional districts should be...
1) Balanced - Each district should be approximately the same number of people. 2) Contiguous - Able to be reached by road from every other part of the district. 3) Compact - As small as possible.
54
Gerrymandering is...
Redistricting that is unfair and gives an advantage to a particular political party by concentrating voting strength. Packing minority voters into a single district to skew representation.
55
A federal state is a state where...
There is a division of power between a central government and local territories/provinces/states.
56
Unitary states tend to have...
A more top-down, centralized form of governance, while federal states have more locally based, dispersed power centers.
57
Physical Geography is...
Physical boundaries can cause devolution as it was historically hard for resources for states to maintain autonomy over difficult physical regions.
58
Ethnic Separatism is...
Mainly religion, language, or ethnicity related differences.
59
Ethnic cleansing it...
The max expulsion or killing of members of an unwanted ethnic or religious group in a society.
60
Terrorism is...
Violence against civilians for political reasons
61
Economic and Social Problems
Economic or social strife can lead to devolution and altering or states.
62
Democratization is...
Introducing democratic systems or principles.
63
Supranationalism is...
Political and or economic alliance of three or more states that is formed for ututal ebenfit to promote shared goals or resolve disputes, but can limit the economic or political actions of member states creating a challenge to state sovereignty,
64
Economies of scale
Cost advantages gained by an increased level production.
65
Trade agreements are...
Treaty between two or more states who agree on trade tariffs, taxes, and often include investment guarantees.
66
Military alliance is...
Alliance between two or more states who agree on mutual protection and support in case of a crisis.

AP Human Geography (6 decks)

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