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Political Science Flashcards

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1
Q

Liberalism

A

Social, economic and political order wherein man feels free, safe and is encouraged to develop himself fully without outside influence

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2
Q

Classic Liberalism

A

Individualism
Limited Government
Consent of the People [Laissez-faire]
Causes inequality in society

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3
Q

Modern Liberalism

A

“Welfare state”- Active interference of the state, resulting in reformation of the social and political conditions
Civil Liberty

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4
Q

Features of Liberalism

A
  1. Recognition of the importance of the individual
  2. Support for human rights and freedoms
  3. Constitutional and limited government
  4. Support for democracy
  5. State as the means to create comfort and development for the individual
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5
Q

What isCommunism

A

The wealth of the society is shared equally among all its members, eliminating social classes

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6
Q

Define communism

A

A system of government and economic organisation where the means of production are owned by the community or state. The goal is to eliminate private ownership, reduce economic inequality and provide for all people, equally

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7
Q

Classless society

A

No divide between rich and poor

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8
Q

Collective ownership

A

The state or community collectively owns all resources instead of private owners

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9
Q

Central Planning

A

The economy is planned and controlled by the government instead of market forces

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10
Q

Features of communism

A
  1. Dialectal Materialism
  2. Material Conditions shape society
  3. Economic Base and Superstructure
  4. Class conflict
  5. Dictatorships of the Proletariat
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11
Q

Dialectal Materialism

A

The practise of arriving at the truth by exchanging logical, opposite arugments

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12
Q

Laws of communism

A
  1. Unity of Opposites
  2. Transformation
  3. Negation
  4. Matter evolves to a higher node
  5. Revolution of the Dialectal Leap
  6. Dialectal Evolution
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13
Q

Dialectal Evolution

A

Society is always changing and each change builds on the last
e.g. Feudalism to Capitalism to Socialism to Communism

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14
Q

Revolution of the Dialectal Leap

A

When tensions between opposites reaches a peak, revolution occurs

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15
Q

Matter evolves to a higher stage

A

Through the process of opposites, negation and change

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16
Q

Law of Unity of Opposites

A

Opposite forces exist because they are dependent on each other

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17
Q

Law of Transformation

A

A lot of small changes [Quantity] results in a large change [Quality]

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18
Q

Law of negation

A

Each stage is replaced by the next

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19
Q

Meaning of Political Science.

A

Science of State and Government
Or
The Study of Power in Society -H.J. Price

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20
Q

Classical meaning of Political Science

A

Study of State and Government
Studies their power, relationship and organisation

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21
Q

Modern Meaning of Political Science

A

Exercise and struggle for power in Society
Science of power and relations in society

Analysis of how power is obtained, exercised and controlled

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22
Q

Difference between Politics and Political Science

A

Politics:
The problems being faced and handled by the government of the state
Day to day running of the government
Differs from state to state

Political Science:
Study of State and Government
Original, nature and power of Governement and political institutions
Academic exercise and is universal

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23
Q

Scope of Poltical Science

A

The study of all political

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24
Q

Define Sovereignty

A

The characteristic of a state by virtue of which it cannot be legally bound, except by its own will, or by any power other then itself-Jellinek

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25
The characteristic of a state by virtue of which it cannot be legally bound, except by its own will, or by any power other then itself-Jellinek
Define Sovereignty
26
Internal Sovereignity
The state exercises the supreme power over all the people in the territory of the state
27
The state exercises the supreme power over all the people in the territory of the state
Internal Sovereignity
28
External Sovereignity
The state exercises supreme power of the state in the International system
29
The state exercises supreme power of the state in the International system
External Sovereignity
30
Characteristics of Sovereignity
It is the original power of the StatePermanent power of the StateAbsolute power of the StateExclusive power of the StateComprehensive, all-inclusive and all-encompassing power of the stateInalienable power of the stateImperceptible power of the state
31
It is the original power of the StatePermanent power of the StateAbsolute power of the StateExclusive power of the StateComprehensive, all-inclusive and all-encompassing power of the stateInalienable power of the stateImperceptible power of the state
Characteristics of Sovereignity
32
Nominal Sovereignty/Sovereign
The Power of the state is invested in a person in Name (President of India)
33
The Power of the state is invested in a person in Name (President of India)
Nominal Sovereignty/Sovereign
34
Real Sovereignty/Sovereign
The power of the State is in a person in name and practice(POTUS)
35
The power of the State is in a person in name and practice(POTUS)
Real Sovereignty/Sovereign
36
De Jure Sovereignty/ Sovereign
The person which has the legal right to rule/in whom the legal right of sovereignty is invested (PM of India)
37
The person which has the legal right to rule/in whom the legal right of sovereignty is invested (PM of India)
De Jure Sovereignty/ Sovereign
38
De Facto Sovereignty
The person(s) in which the sovereignty is vested in in practice (Dictator)
39
The person(s) in which the sovereignty is vested in in practice (Dictator)
De Facto Sovereignty
40
Legal Sovereignty
Supreme Power to issue laws (Parliament)
41
Supreme Power to issue laws (Parliament)
Legal Sovereignty
42
Political Sovereignty
The exercise of the legal sovereignty by the legal sovereign
43
The exercise of the legal sovereignty by the legal sovereign
Political Sovereignty
44
Popular Sovereignty
The power of the majority of the electorate
45
The power of the majority of the electorate
Popular Sovereignty
46
Territorial Sovereignty
The protection of the territory at all costs
47
The protection of the territory at all costs
Territorial Sovereignty
48
Desire
The wish to have something
49
The wish to have something
Desire
50
Want
An effective desire to have something, which can be satisfied by an effort to acquire it
51
An effective desire to have something, which can be satisfied by an effort to acquire it
Want
52
Primary Wants
Want for goods that are necessary for the existence of human life and ensuring normal efficiency. There are 2 types:Necessary for the existence of human life: Food, clothing and ShelterNecessary for maintaining normal efficiency: Chairs and Tables for students
53
Want for goods that are necessary for the existence of human life and ensuring normal efficiency. There are 2 types:Necessary for the existence of human life: Food, clothing and ShelterNecessary for maintaining normal efficiency: Chairs and Tables for students
Primary Wants
54
Secondary wants
Wants that can cater to the comforts and luxuries in life:Wants for comforts: Goods that are a source of comfort & happiness for peopleWants for luxuries: Goods that are very expensive, meant to show the wealth and power of a person
55
Wants that can cater to the comforts and luxuries in life:Wants for comforts: Goods that are a source of comfort & happiness for peopleWants for luxuries: Goods that are very expensive, meant to show the wealth and power of a person
Secondary wants
56
Features of Human Wants
Wants are unlimited Wants are complementarySubstitution of wantsWants are competitiveWants multiple with the passage of timeSome wants are recurringSome wants can be satisfied, not allWants have different urgencyWants remain ahead of the availability of Goods and Services
57
Wants are unlimited Wants are complementary Substitution of wants Wants are competitive Wants multiply with the passage of time Some wants are recurring Some wants can be satisfied, not all Wants have different urgency Wants remain ahead of the availability of Goods and Services
Features of Human Wants
58
Define consumption
The act of using goods and services to satisfy human wants
59
The act of using goods and services to satisfy human wants
Define consumption
60
Significance of consumption
Primary motive for all economic activitiesEnd purpose of all economic activitiesIndex of the standard of livingBasis of economic welfareDeterminate of employment
61
Primary motive for all economic activitiesEnd purpose of all economic activitiesIndex of the standard of livingBasis of economic welfareDeterminate of employment
Significance of consumption
62
Define Utility
The want satisfying power of a commodity
63
The want satisfying power of a commodity
Define Utility
64
Features of a utility
SubjectiveNot measurable RelativeUtility and Usefulness are differentNo moral or legal connotations Abstract
65
SubjectiveNot measurable RelativeUtility and Usefulness are differentNo moral or legal connotations Abstract
Features of a utility
66
Define Political Science
The Science of State and Government or The excercise of Power in Society-H.J. Price
67
The Science of State and Government or The excercise of Power in Society-H.J. Price
Define Political Science
68
Classical meaning of Politcal Science
Studies the organisation of State and Government, their power and Relationships
69
Studies the organisation of State and Government, their power and Relationships
Classical meaning of Politcal Science
70
Founding father of Politcial Science
Aristotle
71
Aristotle
Founding father of Politcial Science
72
Modern Meaning of Political Science
Excercise and struggle of power in society or Science of power & Relationships in Society
73
Excercise and struggle of power in society or Science of power & Relationships in Society
Modern Meaning of Political Science
74
Five Dimensions of Political Science
Political Theory Comparitive Politics International Relations Public Administration Political Economy
75
Political TheoryComparitive PoliticsInternational RelationsPublic AdministrationPolitical Economy
Five Dimensions of Political Science
76
Study of State
Origin, Nature and Function of the State through time
77
Origin, Nature and Function of the State through time
Study of State
78
Study of Government
Agency through which the state exerts all its authority of the state, promulagates laws formulates the state’s will, enforces the laws and adjudicates disputes
79
Agency through which the state exerts all its authority of the state, promulagates laws formulates the state’s will, enforces the laws and adjudicates disputes
Study of Government
80
Interest Groups
groups focused on specific goals
81
groups focused on specific goals
Interest Groups
82
Pressure groups
Groups formed to influence decisions
83
Groups formed to influence decisions
Pressure groups
84
Civil Society
Groups working for people’s welfare
85
Groups working for people’s welfare
Civil Society
86
Political Parties
Groups that fight elections and form government
87
Groups that fight elections and form government
Political Parties
88
International Relations
The way nations interact with each other
89
The way nations interact with each other
International Relations
90
Public Adminstration
The actions taken by the government to fulfill its duties
91
The actions taken by the government to fulfill its duties
Public Adminstration
92
Political Economy
The study of how politics affects the economy and how the two are connected
93
The study of how politics affects the economy and how the two are connected
Political Economy
94
What is society composed of?
Society is composed of indivuduals with diverse personalities, opinions and choices who interact with one another.
95
Society is composed of indivuduals with diverse personalities, opinions and choices who interact with one another.
What is society composed of?
96
Define Sociology
Sociology is the study of man-in-relationship to other men-Marshall Jones
97
Sociology is the study of man-in-relationship to other men-Marshall Jones
Define Sociology
98
Factors for the emergence of Sociology
French and Industrial Revolution. They disrupted the social stability and organisation until that point, bringing about societal advancements while also causing a lot of trouble and uncertainity
99
French and Industrial Revolution. They disrupted the social stability and organisation until that point, bringing about societal advancements while also causing a lot of trouble and uncertainity
Factors for the emergence of Sociology
100
Pre-Industrial Society
Traditional Religion was the cornerstone of societyFamily was central to the lives of the peopleLand was the central part of the economic systemMonarchy was firmly rooted with rulers having a divine mandateMorality was defined by the religious leaders
101
Traditional Religion was the cornerstone of societyFamily was central to the lives of the peopleLand was the central part of the economic systemMonarchy was firmly rooted with rulers having a divine mandateMorality was defined by the religious leaders
Pre-Industrial Society
102
Post-Industrial Society
Technology, Information and Services form the backbone of societyEconomic systems shifted to factories, digital spaces and officesClass boundaries exist, but not as concreteThe importance of family and religion changedPolitical powr mostly lies with elected representatives with popular mandates
103
Technology, Information and Services form the backbone of societyEconomic systems shifted to factories, digital spaces and officesClass boundaries exist, but not as concreteThe importance of family and religion changedPolitical powr mostly lies with elected representatives with popular mandates
Post-Industrial Society
104
Anthropolgy
Study of humans-present and past. It studies who we are and how we have evolved
105
Study of humans-present and past. It studies who we are and how we have evolved
Anthropolgy
106
Define Political Science
The Science of State and Government
107
The Science of State and Government
Define Political Science
108
Define politics
Exercise of power in Society-H.J. Prince
109
Exercise of power in Society-H.J. Prince
Define politics
110
Scope of Political Science
The study of all political relationships, interactions, institutions and processes involved in the exercise of power in each society as well as the struggle of power among all nations
111
The study of all political relationships, interactions, institutions and processes involved in the exercise of power in each society as well as the struggle of power among all nations
Scope of Political Science
112
Dimensions of Political Science
Political TheoryComparative PoliticsInternational RelationsPublic AdministrationPolitical Economy
113
Political TheoryComparative PoliticsInternational RelationsPublic AdministrationPolitical Economy
Dimensions of Political Science
114
Define Equality
Absolute equality of all men and women and the equality of treatment and Rewards
115
Absolute equality of all men and women and the equality of treatment and Rewards
Define Equality
116
What brought up the Equality
French Declaration of Rights & American Declaration of Independence
117
French Declaration of Rights & American Declaration of Independence
What brought up the Equality
118
Types of Inequalities
Natural InequalityMan-made Inequalities
119
Natural InequalityMan-made Inequalities
Types of Inequalities
120
Natural Inequalities
Natural differences among men which must be accepted and accounted for (physical strength, etc)
121
Natural differences among men which must be accepted and accounted for (physical strength, etc)
Natural Inequalities
122
Man-made inequalities
Unnatural/artificial inequalities present due to some social condition (race, caste, religion, place of birth)
123
Unnatural/artificial inequalities present due to some social condition (race, caste, religion, place of birth)
Man-made inequalities
124
Equality definition
No man shall be so placed in society that he can over-reach his neighbour to the extent which constitutes a denial of the letter’s citizenship-Laski
125
No man shall be so placed in society that he can over-reach his neighbour to the extent which constitutes a denial of the letter’s citizenship-Laski
Equality definition
126
Negatively Equality
Abolition of all special privileges and facilities which may be available to some classes or some person
127
Abolition of all special privileges and facilities which may be available to some classes or some person
Negatively Equality
128
Kinds of Equality
Social EqualityPolitical EqualityEconomic EqualityLegal Equality
129
Social EqualityPolitical EqualityEconomic EqualityLegal Equality
Kinds of Equality
130
Social Equality
Equal rights and opportunities for development of all classes of people without any discrimination
131
Equal rights and opportunities for development of all classes of people without any discrimination
Social Equality
132
Political Economy
Opportunity for equal participation of all parts of the political process and provision of equal political rights
133
Opportunity for equal participation of all parts of the political process and provision of equal political rights
Political Economy
134
Economic Equality
Equitable and Adequate opportunities for all to work And earn one’s livelihood. Divide between rich and Poor is very little & all primary needs should be met before luxuries
135
Equitable and Adequate opportunities for all to work And earn one’s livelihood. Divide between rich and Poor is very little & all primary needs should be met before luxuries
Economic Equality
136
Legal Equality
Everyone is subject to the same legal code and equal opportunity to secure legal protection for rights
137
Everyone is subject to the same legal code and equal opportunity to secure legal protection for rights
Legal Equality
138
Define Liberty
The freedom of an individual to express, without external hindrances, his personality- G.D.H Cole
139
The freedom of an individual to express, without external hindrances, his personality- G.D.H Cole
Define Liberty
140
Does liberty have any restrictions
Liberty is not the absence of restraints, it is the removal of unreasonable restraints and the existence of reasonable/logical restraints
141
Liberty is not the absence of restraints, it is the removal of unreasonable restraints and the existence of reasonable/logical restraints
Does liberty have any restrictions
142
Negative Liberty
Absence of all restraints and freedom to act in any way
143
Absence of all restraints and freedom to act in any way
Negative Liberty
144
Positive Liberty
Freedom, but under rational & logical restraints
145
Freedom, but under rational & logical restraints
Positive Liberty
146
Kinds of Liberty
Civil LibertyPolitical LibertyEconomic Liberty
147
Civil LibertyPolitical LibertyEconomic Liberty
Kinds of Liberty
148
Civil Liberty
Liberty enjoyed by an individual as part of society; guaranteed by the State
149
Liberty enjoyed by an individual as part of society; guaranteed by the State
Civil Liberty
150
Define Political Liberty
The power to be active in the affairs of the State-Leacok
151
The power to be active in the affairs of the State-Leacok
Define Political Liberty
152
What is Political Liberty
The opportunity to enjoy political rights and freedom to participate in the political process
153
The opportunity to enjoy political rights and freedom to participate in the political process
What is Political Liberty
154
Economic Liberty
Freedom from the wants of tomorrow and the availability of adequate opportunities for earning livelihood
155
Freedom from the wants of tomorrow and the availability of adequate opportunities for earning livelihood
Economic Liberty
156
Define Law
The portion of established thought and habit which has gained distinct and formal recognition in the shape of uniform rule, backed the by the authority and power of the Government- Woodrow Wilson
157
The portion of established thought and habit which has gained distinct and formal recognition in the shape of uniform rule, backed the by the authority and power of the Government- Woodrow Wilson
Define Law
158
Nature of Law
General rule of human behaviour and applies to all people equallyIt is definiteThe state always acts through law and are enforced by the laws of the State
159
General rule of human behaviour and applies to all people equallyIt is definiteThe state always acts through law and are enforced by the laws of the State
Nature of Law
160
Sources of Law
Customs and usage Through LegislationJudicial DecisionReligion and Morality
161
Customs and usage Through LegislationJudicial DecisionReligion and Morality
Sources of Law
162
Delegated Legislation
When the legislative hands some law making power to another entity(ordinances and Executive orders by the Executive)
163
When the legislative hands some law making power to another entity(ordinances and Executive orders by the Executive)
Delegated Legislation
164
Kinds of Laws
Constitutional LawMunicipal LawNational LawStatutory LawOrdinary LawPrivate LawPublic LawGeneral LawAdministrative LawOrdinancesInternational LawCommon Law
165
Constitutional LawMunicipal LawNational LawStatutory LawOrdinary LawPrivate LawPublic LawGeneral LawAdministrative LawOrdinancesInternational LawCommon Law
Kinds of Laws
166
Constitutional Law
Supreme Law of the Land/Law of the Lands
167
Supreme Law of the Land/Law of the Lands
Constitutional Law
168
Municipal Law
Domestic Law enforced at the national level and the local level
169
Domestic Law enforced at the national level and the local level
Municipal Law
170
National Law
Laws of the state implemented by the executive and enforced by the courts
171
Laws of the state implemented by the executive and enforced by the courts
National Law
172
Statutory Law
Enacted by the Legislature and enforceable on businesses and organisations
173
Enacted by the Legislature and enforceable on businesses and organisations
Statutory Law
174
Ordinary Law
National and Municipal law that regulates the conduct of people. Four types:Private LawPublic LawGeneral LawAdministrative Law
175
National and Municipal law that regulates the conduct of people. Four types:Private LawPublic LawGeneral LawAdministrative Law
Ordinary Law
176
Public Law
Relations between individual and State
177
Relations between individual and State
Public Law
178
Private Law
Relations between individuals
179
Relations between individuals
Private Law
180
General Law
Sub-part of public law; Relation between Private individuals and the state
181
Sub-part of public law; Relation between Private individuals and the state
General Law
182
Administrative Law
Sub-Part of Public Law- Governs exercise of Constitutional authority
183
Sub-Part of Public Law- Governs exercise of Constitutional authority
Administrative Law
184
Ordinances
Temporary / Ad Hoc rule of law needed at a time when the Parliament is not in session
185
Temporary / Ad Hoc rule of law needed at a time when the Parliament is not in session
Ordinances
186
International Law
Governs the behaviours, actions and interactions between states at an International level. Not enforceable
187
Governs the behaviours, actions and interactions between states at an International level. Not enforceable
International Law
188
Common Law
Custom or Tradition which has a long history but not explicitly stated under any law or mandate
189
Custom or Tradition which has a long history but not explicitly stated under any law or mandate
Common Law

Class 11 (3 decks)

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