Political Science 6 Multiple Choice Questions Flashcards by Andrew Rocchio

According to Blood and Debt, in Latin America

There were not enough wars for states to develop

Wars came too early in Latin America’s independence for states to benefit

War encouraged the rise of administratively strong states

Latin America became dependent on internal (domestic taxes) for survival

Wars came too early in Latin America’s independence for states to benefit

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A state is ___________________.

A set of rules for determining who will have access to power

a group of people who perceive themselves as sharing a sense of belonging and who often have a common language, culture, and set of traditions

an administrative apparatus that develops and administers laws and generates and implements policy in a specific territory

The group of people who exercise power within a given territory

an administrative apparatus that develops and administers laws and generates and implements policy in a specific territory

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Which statement best expresses the relationship between economic development and state development?

states that can rely primarily on import/export (customs) taxes are more likely to be strong

states with a lot of oil are more likely to be strong

Strong states are less likely to develop economically

states in countries that have gone through an industrial revolution are more likely to be strong

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Federalism is a political system in which

a state’s power is constitutionally divided among more than one level of government

subnational units are completely subordinated to the national state

subnational units have more power than the national state

there are three branches of government

a state’s power is constitutionally divided among more than one level of government

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Which of the following is NOT a similarity between state development in India and Nigeria?

ethnic diversity

Initial establishment of a democratic political constitution

The development of a strong and legitimate political party

British colonial experience

The development of a strong and legitimate political party

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The origin of most states in the world today is

imitation

war

creation by a nation

colonial export

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Which of the following states is strongest according to the World Governance Indicators?

Brazil

Germany

China

The U.K.

Germany

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According to War and the State in Africa,

There have been too many wars in Africa for its countries to develop strong states

Africa has developed strong states due to war

The lack of interstate wars and external threats contributes to weak states in Africa

African states have become dependent on internal (domestic) sources of tax revenu

The lack of interstate wars and external threats contributes to weak states in Africa

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Brazil today is an example of a

very strong state

failed state

moderately strong state

very weak state

moderately strong state

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Comparative politics is the study of

elections and voting

the relationships between states

the domestic politics of other countries

war

the domestic politics of other countries

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Under fascism, the state’s primary role is to

promote economic development

advance the interests of the nation

respond to citizen preferences

protect the working class

advance the interests of the nation

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On which of the following ideas would fascism and socialism most likely agree?

state ownership of the means of production

the leading role of the state in most aspects of human life

the rejection of rationality

the importance of class struggle

the leading role of the state in most aspects of human life

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Which of the following is essential to liberal democracy?

extensive government services to ensure equality of opportunity

separation of powers

alternation in power

meaningful competition

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In successful modernizing authoritarianism,

working class people usually enjoyed special privileges

positions of policy-making responsibility usually went to friends and kinsmen of the leader

Charismatic strongmen usually held power

technocrats (experts) played an important role in designing policy

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Populist leaders assert

the supremacy of the nation over the individual

the supremacy of majority interests (the people) over minorities

the supremacy of one ethnic group over another

the supremacy of the working class

the supremacy of majority interests (the people) over minorities

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Which of the following is an example of social democracy?

Sweden

The United Kingdom

India

Russia

Sweden

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One example of a long-standing electoral authoritarian regime is

Mexico under the PRI

India before 1975

Nazi Germany

The Soviet Union

Mexico under the PRI

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Under which type of democracy would citizens typically have the most rights and responsibilities?

participatory democracy

liberal democracy

social democracy

populism

social democracy

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Which is the best method of distinguishing between an electoral authoritarian country and a democracy?

the quality of elections

minority rights

extent of economic development

the holding of elections

the quality of elections

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A key difference between socialism and social democracy is

whether citizens enjoy extensive civil liberties

whether the state monopolizes the means of production

whether elections are competitive

all of the above

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Assigning citizenship based on birth within a national territory is called

jus soli

jus sanguinis

civic nationalism

cultural nationalism

jus soli

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Which of the following institutions has tended, historically, to encourage moderation of the Hindu-Muslim cleavage?

proportional representation

Federalism along linguistic lines

consociationalism

Presidentialism

Federalism along linguistic lines

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Samuel Huntington argued that the world could be divided into eight major “civilizations” based largely on

ideology

language group

race

religion

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Explicit power sharing between specific ethnic groups which provides each with some amount of power in the central government is called

managed democracy

federalism

centripetalism

consociationalism

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Laicite refers to advocating for the right to exist as a separate state the right of a group to partially govern itself within a larger state advocating that religion should play no part in the public realm having an official state religion

advocating that religion should play no part in the public realm

Primordialism rejects the idea that cultural beliefs are the basis of more or less immutable identities identities are constructed by multiple actors conflict between groups is inevitable strong group identities are natural

identities are constructed by multiple actors

Which of the following factors is most strongly associated with the likelihood of conflict? religion ethnicity security dilemma intersectionalit

security dilemma

Constructivism means that individuals are free to choose any identity they wish. True False

False

Instrumentalism implies that identity cleavages are more politically salient when elites mobilize them identities are deeply embedded in the human psyche identities are most politically salient when they involve religion identities are more politically salient when they involve land

identity cleavages are more politically salient when elites mobilize them

Cultural nationalism identifies membership in the nation as a reflection of birthplace a common language common ancestry commonly held values and myth

common ancestry

Which of the following executives can dissolve the parliament? the prime minister of Russia the prime minister of the U.K. the president of Germany the president of Brazil

the prime minister of the U.K.

Asymmetric federalism refers to situations where the taxation power is concentrated in the national government situations where the state governments have more power than the national government situations where states are divided along ethnic and linguistic lines situations where some local/state governments enjoy more powers and privileges than others

situations where some local/state governments enjoy more powers and privileges than others

Horizontal accountability refers to the ability of citizens to hold the government accountable the government to hold citizens accountable one state to check the power of another state institutions to hold each other accountable

state institutions to hold each other accountable

The power of the prime minister in India is most strongly checked by the opposition parties in the parliament the cabinet His or her own party federalism

federalism

In which system can a vote of no confidence remove the chief executive? Social democracy Presidential Semi-presidential Parliamentary

Parliamentary

In a parliamentary system, the prime minister also is a member of parliament has a fixed term can declare laws unconstitutional is elected by the majority of the voters

is a member of parliament

In which of the following does the president have to get an absolute majority of the vote? Brazil All of the above Mexico the United States

Brazil

Which of the following is an example of a principal-agent problem? the problems politicians face in getting voters to vote for them the problems elected leaders have in ensuring that bureaucrats carry out their wishes the problems courts have in getting citizens to abide by their decisions the problems presidents and prime ministers have when 'cohabitation' occurs

the problems elected leaders have in ensuring that bureaucrats carry out their wishes

Examples of semipresidential systems include France and Russia Israel and Russia Brazil and France The United States and Mexico

France and Russia

In the Westminster model of parliamentarism, tea is served promptly at four voters vote for the prime minister directly one party typically controls a majority in the legislature the largest party typically forms a coalition to elect the prime minister

one party typically controls a majority in the legislature

Match each country to its electoral system SMD Plurality SMD Majoritarian Mixed countries France Germany The UK

SMD Plurality - The UK SMD Majoritarian - France Mixed - Germany

Match each country with its electoral system Proportional Representation--open list Proportional Representation--closed list Mixed countries Brazil Israel Mexico

Proportional Representation--open list - Brazil Proportional Representation--closed list - Israel Mixed - Mexico

According to Downs, Parties in two-party systems should converge toward the center Parties in two-party systems tend to become highly polarized Voters are not rational Parties care more about ideological purity than about getting elected.

Parties in two-party systems should converge toward the center

Duverger's law predicts that SMD-plurality rules are likely to result in multiple parties in the legislature Representation of minority interests will be stronger in two-party systems SMD-plurality electoral rules are likely to produce two-party systems The parties in two-party systems are likely to converge toward the cente

SMD-plurality electoral rules are likely to produce two-party systems

According to Chhibber and Nooruddin, which Indian states provide more public goods? Hindu states States with multiparty systems States where the Communist Party governs States with two-party competition

States with two-party competition

Multiple, competing, non-hierarchical interest group arrangements are best characterized as consociationalism corporatism chaos pluralism

pluralism

In which country are two rounds of voting normally required to select the chief executive? The U.K. Israel Mexico Brazil

Brazil

In which type of system is the representation of women likely to be strongest? Proportional representation--open list Proportional Representation--closed list SMD-plurality SMD majoritarian

Proportional Representation--closed list

In which of the following party systems is government instability most likely atomized multiparty two and a half party limited multiparty dominant party

atomized multiparty

Social movements typically employ professional lobbyists rely on unconventional protest to seek policy change are highly organized are progressive

rely on unconventional protest to seek policy change

Which group was most affected by the framing of the BLM protests? Democrats All groups were equally affected Republicans Independents

Independents

According to POS, protests should be most likely at very low levels of political openness at intermediate levels of political openness when the movement cannot find elite allies at very high levels of political openness

at intermediate levels of political openness

Relative deprivation is a group or individual's belief that they are ______ too political facing an existential security threat poor not getting their share of something relative to what they should have

not getting their share of something relative to what they should have

Which of the scholars below noted that a crucial ingredient for successful revolution is a state in crisis, often one that has been weakened by international events? Kathleen Bruhn James Davies Ted Robert Gurr Theda Skocpol

Theda Skocpol

According to the threat literature, under which conditions is success most likely? Highly threatening demand and high disruption Limited disruption with a highly threatening demand High disruption, with a limited and specific demand Limited and specific demand with limited disruption

High disruption, with a limited and specific demand

Bolivia's water war was triggered by the sale of the municipal water concession to a private company, which raised rates climate change municipal flooding in Cochabamba the construction of a new dam

the sale of the municipal water concession to a private company, which raised rates

The C in WUNC stands for Capacity Conservatives Charisma Commitment

Commitment

What is the difference between a political and a social revolution? Whether a social movement or armed group of citizens is involved Whether social media is involved Whether the social structures are transformed Whether the political regime is transformed

Whether the social structures are transformed

A contemporary example of a violent social movement is BLM the Bazaaris Boko Haram Deng Xiao Ping

Boko Haram

All social movements are progressive True False

False

The breakdown of which of the following types of regimes was historically most likely to lead to stable democracy? personalist theocracy one-party military-authoritarian

military-authoritarian

To what does the concept of the "dictator's dilemma" refer? inability to govern without electoral support the type of messaging or public relations the ruler should employ to consolidate rule without exaggerating unrealistically the ruler's uncertainty about how much support he has, as a result of repression the amount of repression a ruler should employ to weaken the opposition

the ruler's uncertainty about how much support he has, as a result of repression

In the specific case of Mexico under the PRI, which of the following were benefits of holding elections? gathering information about the opposition bolstering the legitimacy of the regime all of the above providing a mechanism for circulation of elites

all of the above

GONGOs refer to ______. state-controlled interest organizations foreign funded interest organizations grassroots organizations unions

state-controlled interest organizations

Which of the following types of authoritarian rule has the shortest average life span? personalistic authoritarianism one-party rule military authoritarianism theocratic rule

military authoritarianism

Which of the following tactics depended on the PRI's control of the electoral registry? shaving autocalificacion Raton loco tacos

shaving

Russia under Vladimir Putin can best be described as which of the following types of authoritarian regimes? military authoritarian theocratic one-party electoral authoritarian

electoral authoritarian

Local elections in China challenge the national authority of the Communist Party are competitive and free multiparty elections have no effect can remove unpopular local leader

can remove unpopular local leader

Mobutu's Zaire is a classic example of a liberal democracy a strong one-party state a personalist dictator a military-authoritarian regime

a personalist dictator

Iran is best classified as an example of an electoral authoritarian regime with theocratic elements a military-authoritarian regime a liberal democracy a personalist dictatorship

an electoral authoritarian regime with theocratic elements

The phenomenon of democratic backsliding is the result of military coup does not occur in consolidated democracies like the United States always results in authoritarian government may occur slowly and almost imperceptibly at the hands of democratically elected leader

may occur slowly and almost imperceptibly at the hands of democratically elected leader

In terms of democratic consolidation, the "two-turnover" test refers to ______. one party must win the founding election, and then a different party must win a later election at least two parties must run for office Two elections in a row must be held One leader replaces another as head of state

one party must win the founding election, and then a different party must win a later election

Which of the following factors is NOT empirically associated with stable democracies? a large middle class cultural values of tolerance and compromise a majority Muslim population lower ethnic diversity

a majority Muslim population

Modernization theory argues that ______. Democracy is most likely to be present where countries have a high degree of inequality. Democracy is most likely to be present where countries have a majority Muslim population Democracy is most likely to be present where countries have a reasonably wealthy economy and a large middle class Democracy is most likely to be present where countries have a democratic political culture

Democracy is most likely to be present where countries have a reasonably wealthy economy and a large middle class

Which of the following elements are important to a negotiated transition? a period of liberalization all of the above divisions within the authoritarian regime the emergence of a democratic opposition

all of the above

Which of the following theories best explains Brazil's history of military coups? the breakdown of ISI Neopatrimonialism and officers who pursue their personal and ethnic group interests Professionalized and institutionalized military defending its interests all of the above

Professionalized and institutionalized military defending its interests

Over the last fifteen years, the number of democracies has remained fairly stable but their quality has improved the number of democracies has remained fairly stable, but their quality has declined The number of democracies has grown dramatically the number of democracies has declined dramatically

the number of democracies has remained fairly stable, but their quality has declined

Compared to the 1970s, the number of democracies remained fairly stable but their quality declined the number of democracies has grown dramatically the number of democracies has declined dramatically the number of democracies remained fairly stable but their quality improved

the number of democracies has grown dramatically

Many people argue that high levels of inequality and a shrinking middle class should lead to democratic transitions have no effect on democracy improve the prospects for stable democracy weaken the prospects for stable democracy

weaken the prospects for stable democracy

Which of the following best represents the relationship between capitalism and democracy? Capitalism guarantees democracy Capitalism undermines democracy Capitalism is not necessary for democracy Capitalism is necessary but not sufficient for democracy

Capitalism is necessary but not sufficient for democracy

Match each country to the appropriate welfare state model social democratic Christian Democratic Liberal Sweden Germany U.S

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is lending for infrastructure connecting developing countries to China unrestricted foreign aid to developing countries pro-democracy aid investment in small-scale manufacturing

lending for infrastructure connecting developing countries to China

Coordinated market economies (CMEs) have ______. a minimal role for government conscious negotiations between the state, unions, and business flexible labor markets little use for unions

conscious negotiations between the state, unions, and business

Fiscal policy refers to the ______. amount of money a government prints and puts into circulation all of the above interest rates set by the government government's budgetary policy (taxing and spending)

government's budgetary policy (taxing and spending)

Germany uses a ______. privately run health-care system single-payer system national health insurance system market-based insurance system

national health insurance system

In LME systems, interest groups such as unions are typically organized in which fashion? pluralism socialism corporatism fascism

pluralism

Monetarism was first championed by ______. Ronald Reagan Bill Clinton Milton Friedman John Maynard Keynes

Milton Friedman

Which of the following types of states achieves the lowest average rates of poverty and inequality? liberal welfare states social democratic welfare states pure market economies Christian Democratic welfare states

social democratic welfare states

In which type of welfare state are tax rates the highest? social democratic welfare states liberal welfare states neoliberal states Christian Democratic welfare states

social democratic welfare states

Means-tested public assistance is ______. distributed to all citizens more or less equally most common in social democratic welfare states the most expensive form of assistance available only to those who fall below a certain income level

available only to those who fall below a certain income level

Political Science 6 Multiple Choice Questions Flashcards

(90 cards)