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Sexual Reproduction in flowering plants > POLLINATION > Flashcards

POLLINATION Flashcards

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1
Q

Both male and female gametes are motile.

true/false

A

false

both non-motile

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2
Q

Transfer of pollen grain ( shed from filament) to style of pistil is termed pollination.

true/false

A

false

shed from anther to stigma

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3
Q

Flowering plants use internal agents for pollination.

True/false

A

False

external

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4
Q

Depending on ____ there are 3 types of pollination

A

source of pollen

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5
Q

Transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma of same flower is autogamy.

True/false

A

True

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6
Q

In flowers which open and expose their anther and stigma, autogamy is common.

true/false

A

False

rare

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7
Q

Conditions for autogamy in open/exposed flowers.

2

A
  1. Synchrony in pollen release and stigma
    2.Anther and stigma should lie close to each other
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8
Q

Examples of plants with both chasmogamous and cleistogamous flowers.

A
  1. Viola(common pansy)
    2.Oxalis
    3.Commelina
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9
Q

Chasmogamous flowers have ________ anther and stigma

exposed/close

A

Exposed

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10
Q

Cleistogamous flowers do not open at all.

True/false

A

True

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11
Q

In cleistogamous flowers, anther and stigma lie close/far from each other.

A

Close

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12
Q

When anthers dehisce in floral buds in cleistogamous flowers, pollen grains come in contact with the stigma of same flower to effect pollination.

True/false

A

True

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13
Q

Cleistogamous flowers are invariably autogamous.

True/false

A

True

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14
Q

There is a 10 percent chance of cross-pollen landing on stigma of cleistogamous flowers.

true/false

A

False

no chance

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15
Q

Which type of flowers produce assured seed-set even in the absence of pollinators?

A

Cleistogamous flowers

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16
Q

Transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma of another flower of the same plant is called________

A

Geitonogamy

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17
Q

Geitonogamy is functionally cross/self pollination.

A

Cross

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18
Q

Geitonogamy involves pollinating agent.

True/false

A

True

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19
Q

Genetically , geitonogamy is similar to autogamy as the pollen grains come from the same plant.

True/false

A

True

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20
Q

Transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma of a different plant is called

A

Xenogamy

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21
Q

Genetically different types of pollen grains are brought to stigma by _______

auto/geitono/xeno

A

Xenogamy

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22
Q

How many kinds of biotic agents do plants use for pollination and what is the name?

A

1,Animals

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23
Q

Majority of plants use abiotic/biotic agents for pollination.

A

Biotic

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24
Q

Pollen grains coming in contact with stigma is assured in wind and water pollination.

True or false

A

False

Chance factor

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25
How do flowers compensate for the loss of pollen grains?
They produce enormous amount of pollen grains when compared to the number of ovules available for pollination.
26
Among abiotic pollinations, which one is more common? | wind/water
wind
27
To transport pollen grains by wind currents, what are the characteristics of pollen grains req.? | 2
Light, non-sticky
28
What chars. of stigma and stamen are req. for wind pollination?
stamen - well exposed (easy dispersion) stigma - large, feathery ( trap air-borne pollen grains)
29
Wind pollinated flowers have how many ovules in the ovary ?
one
30
Wind pollinated flowers have numerous flowers packed into an inflorescence. | True/false
True
31
Tassels of corn cob are ________ and ____ which wave in wind to trap pollen grains
Stigma and styles
32
Wind pollination is rare in grasses | true/false
False | common
33
Pollination by water is rare/common in flowering plants limited to 30/450 genera, mostly dicots/monocots.
Rare,30,monocots
34
Why is water req. in lower plant groups like algae, pteridophytes, bryophytes?
for the the transport of male gamete
35
Examples of water pollinated plants that grow in fresh water
Vallisneria, Hydrilla
36
Marine sea-grasses such as ____ are examples of water pollinated plants.
Zostera
37
All aquatic plants use water pollination. | True/false
False
38
Examples of plants in which flowers emerge above the water level and use insects, wind for pollination
Water hyacinth, water lily
39
How do the female flowers of Vallisneria reach the surface of water?
using Long stalk
40
In Vallisneria, the male flowers are situated on the surface of water and release pollen grains under water. | True/false
False | pollen grains also released on to the surface of water
41
Pollen grains are carried actively/passively by water currents in Vallisneria.
passively
42
In sea-grasses ,female flowers are already above the surface of water. | true/false
False | submerged in water
43
In sea- grasses, pollen grains are released inside water. | true/false
True
44
In sea-grasses, pollen grains' characters are________
Long,ribbon like
45
In sea-grasses, pollen grains are carried actively/passively inside water.
passively
46
How are pollen grains protected from wetting in water pollinated species?
By a mucilaginous covering.
47
Wind and water pollinated flowers are colourful/not colourful and produce/do not produce nectar.
not colourful, do not produce nectar
48
What 2 kinds of birds are used for pollination?
Sunbird and humming birds
49
Dominant biotic pollinating agents are
Bees
50
List 3 larger animals that have been reported to pollinate some species.
1. Primates(lemur) 2. Arboreal rodents ( tree-dwelling rodents) 3. Reptiles(garden lizards and gecko lizards)
51
Often flowers get specifically adapted to pollination by a particular species of animals. | True/false
True
52
List 4 chars. of majority of Insect pollinated flowers
1. Large 2. Colourful 3. Fragrant 4. Rich in nectar
53
What do small insect pollinated flowers do ?
No. of flowers get clustered into an inflorescence to make them conspicuous.
54
Flowers pollinated by ____ and ____ secrete foul odours to attract them.
Flies and beetles
55
What are the 2 usual floral rewards?
Pollen grains, nectars
56
For harvesting floral rewards, the animal has to come in contact with ____ and ____
Anther, stigma
57
Pollen grains of animal pollinated flowers are non-sticky. | True/false
False | sticky
58
In tallest flower of 6 feet height called________ , floral reward is ___________
Amorphophallus, safe place for laying eggs
59
A species of moth and Yucca plant can't complete their life cycle without each other. | True/false
True
60
Moth deposits its eggs in the ____ of Yucca plant
Locule of the ovary
61
When do the larvae of moth come out of the eggs?
When seeds start developing
62
Insects that consume pollen/nectar without bringing about pollination are called ______
pollen/nectar robbers
63
Majority of flowering plants produce ____ flowers
Hermaphrodite(bisexual)
64
Hermaphrodite flowers increase chance of self/cross pollination.
Self
65
Continued self pollination results in ____________
Inbreeding depression(genetic diversity loss)
66
Devices used to discourage self pollination and encourage cross pollination are called _________
Outbreeding devices
67
To reduce self-pollination , stigma receptivity and pollen release are not synchronized. | True/false
True
68
Anther and stigma are placed at same positions to reduce self-pollination. | True/false
False | Different
69
Self pollen refers to
Pollen from same flower and other flowers of same plant
70
Self incompatibility is a ____ mechanism that prevents self pollen from fertilising ovules by inhibiting ____ or ____ in pistil.
Genetic, pollen germination, pollen tube growth
71
Production of unisexual flowers is a device to prevent self-pollination. | True/false
True
72
Monoecious means
Both male and female flowers on same plant but only unisexual flowers.
73
Monoecious plants prevent autogamy/geitonogamy
Only autogamy
74
Examples of monoecious plants
Castor, maize
75
Dioecious means
Only one kind of unisexual flower ( male or female) present on one plant - plant is either male or female(dioecy)
76
Dioecy prevents autogamy/geitonogamy
Both
77
Example of dioecious plants
Papaya, date palm

Sexual Reproduction in flowering plants (9 decks)

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