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EPSM 40 > Pollination and Pest Management > Flashcards

Pollination and Pest Management Flashcards

1
Q

Pollination

A

Transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma

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2
Q

What are the two types of pollination?

A

Abiotic and Biotic

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3
Q

Abiotic pollination

A

Wind, etcB

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4
Q

Biotic pollination

A

Animals

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5
Q

Why do animals pollinate plants?

A

Collect food (nectar and pollen)

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6
Q

Who pollinates

A

Insects (bees, wasps, butterflies, moths)
Birds (hummingbirds, honeycreepers)
Mammals (bats, mice, monkeys)

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7
Q

Why are honeybees so important?

A

Agriculture: honeybees enable production of at least 90 NA crops (give honey and beeswax)

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8
Q

What are some reasons honeybees are in decline?

A

Pesticide use
Parasites and diseases
Limited or monotonous flower resources
Fungicides

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9
Q

Pesticide use

A

Lethal and sublethal effects
Neonicotinoids
Pyrethroids

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10
Q

Parasites and diseases

A

Varroa mite (V. destructor)
Deformed wing virus

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11
Q

Direct Pest

A

Direct damage from feeding or oviposition
(ex little caterpillars)

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12
Q

Indirect Pest

A

Insect creates a condition for another organism to cause damage (pathogen vectors)

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13
Q

Cosmetic injury

A

When fruit is bruised

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14
Q

What kind of pest control is rearing insects to sterilize them?

A

Sterile insect technique

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15
Q

Why does this form of sterilization work?

A

Sterile males easily reared and equally compete with wild type males

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16
Q

Types of pest control

A

Pesticides (chemical)
Biological (parasitoids/predators)
Plant resistance (physical or chemical)
Cultural control (crop rotation, sanitization, etc)
Genetic methods (sterilization technique)
Pheromones (attractants and repellants)

17
Q

What physiological methods cause resistance?

A
  • Sequestration: production of enzymes that bind tightly to an insecticide molecule
  • Production of enzymes that break down the insecticide molecule
  • Mutation of the insecticide target site

EPSM 40 (14 decks)

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