Polymers

Question 1

What is one thing crude oils make

Answer 1

Polymers

Question 2

What are polymers

Answer 2

Plastics

Question 3

What are plastics/polymers made up of

Answer 3

Small molecules called monomers

Question 4

What do ethene monomers make

Answer 4

Polyethene

Question 5

What do Propene polymers make

Answer 5

Polypropene

Question 6

Polyethene

Answer 6

Strong
Easy to shape
Transparent (except when add colouring)
Carrier bags, dustbins, washing up bowls, cling film,

Question 7

Polypropene

Answer 7

Strong
Tough
Carpets
Milk crates
Ropes

Question 8

How do monomers join together?

Answer 8

Alkene molecules join with C=C
Double bond replaced by single C-C bond
C atoms join forming polymer chains
This process = addition polymerisation
Polymer formed by chains = addition polymer
(Diagram you get rid of double and put single, with ( ) and n at bottom right)

Question 9

What bond do all monomers contain?

Answer 9

Double

C=C

Question 10

What is condensation polymerisation

Answer 10

Involves a small molecule released in the reaction, as the polymer forms

Question 11

Summarising addition condensation polymers

Answer 11

Addition -> the addition polymer

Condensation polymerisation -> condensation polymer + a small molecule

Question 12

Monomers used for addition polymerisation

Answer 12

Condensation polymerisation = 2 different polymers used
1 monomer has certain functional group at both ends of molecule
Other monomer has different functional groups at each end
2 different monomers react together
Long polymer chain formed

Question 13

Forming a polyester

Answer 13

Alcohol + carboxylic acid -> ester + water

Question 14

What is one alcohol monomer and carboxylic acid monomer represented as

Answer 14

Alcohol monomer = -OH

Carboxylic acid monomer = -COOH

Question 15

Making nylon

Answer 15

Put thin layer of monomer A into bottom of beaker
Pour layer of monomer B on top
Draw thread out of beaker with tweezers
Wind it around test-tube

Question 16

What are carbohydrates compounds of

Answer 16

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

Question 17

What is glucose called

Answer 17

Monosaccharide

Question 18

How do make larger molecules

Answer 18

Bond monosaccharides

Make polysaccharides

Question 19

Equation for glucose polymers

Answer 19

glucose monomers -> starch polymers + water
Glucose monomers -> cellulose polymers + water
Variety of amino acid monomers -> protein polymers + water

Question 20

What are amino acids

Answer 20

Monomers of proteins

Question 21

What functional groups have amino acids got

Answer 21

One basic, one acidic

Simplest amino acid is called glycine

Question 22

What happens when the acids and basics react

Answer 22

Have potential monomers
3 glycine molecules can react together in a condensation reaction
More glycine molecules can link together to form a polypeptide molecule

Question 23

Structure of DNA

Answer 23

Repeating units of monomers called nucleotides
Double helix
Held in place by intermolecular forces down length of each polymer strand
A and T, C and G