Polymers Flashcards
(14 cards)
Condensation Polymerisation What are the two most common types? What linkage is present in each? How are they formed? What do the monomers usually have? Eg
Polyester polyamide
Ester and amide
Monomers react together releasing small molecule eg water hcl
Same functional group both ends
Dicarboxylic acid,diammine,diol,diacyl chloride
Word equations for production of Polyester and water Polyester and hcl Polyamide and water Polyamide and hcl
With which do reactions go to completion? What happens with the other?
What does carboxylic acid require for the reaction?
What is released with Acyl chloride and what’s the problem this?
nDicarboxylic acid+nDiol> Polyester n+2n-1 water
nDiacylchloride+nDiol>Polyester n+2n-1 HCl
nDicarboxylic acid+nDiol>Polamide+2n-1H2O
nDiacylchloride+nDiol>Polyamiden+2n-1HCl
Diacyl chlorides
Forms an equilibrium mixture
Acid catalyst
Hcl fumes and is hazardous
Terylene What is it used in? What type of polymer is it? What is it formed from? Word equation Drawn example? What is removed?
Clothes and tire chords Polyester Benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid and ethanediol >terylene and water Oh removed from dicarboxylic acid H from diol
What is removed by in condensation between diacyl chloride and diol?
Cl and H
Nylon 6,6 What do the 6 represent? What type of polymer is it? What is it the reaction between? Drawn example
Number of carbons in each molecule
Polyamide
Hexandioc acid and 1,6-diaminohexane
Kevlar
What type of polymer is it?
What is it between?
Polyamide
Benzene-1,4-dioc acid and 1,4-diaminobenzene
When is it possible for one monomer to form the polymer?
Eg
When it has the two groups
1-hydroxybutanoyl chloride
1-aminobenzene carboxylic acid
Chemical Reactivity of Condensation Polymers
Why are they biodegradable?
What attracts attacking species eg nucleophile?
POLYESTERS
What is it hydrolysed by?
What formed with HCl?
What formed with NaOH?
POLYAMIDES
What is it hydrolysed by?
What formed with HCl?
What formed with NaOH?
Hydrolysed Polarity of bonds Acids or alkalis DiCarboxylic acid and diol Dicarboxylic acid salt and diol Aqueous acids or alkalis Dicarboxylic acid and diamine salt Dicarboxylic acid salt and diol
Intermolecular bonding
What polyesters?
What in polyamides?
Dipole dipole with additional vdw
Hydrogen between C=O O and N-H H with additional VdW
Landfill
Most common waste disposal in UK
What are many reaching?
What is going to happen with regards to councils?
What is the problem with poly alkenes?
What could be used to help decomposition?
Reaching capacity
Be charged for them
Non biodegradable
Biodegradable polymers
Incineration What is it? What does it provide? What else may be released? Such as? What does it reduce?
Burning rubbish
Energy to generate electricity
Toxins eg greenhouse gases
Rubbish
Recycling What does it save? Eg? What is a problem with it? Why is this? Why does it need sorting? What's good about thermoplastic ones?
Raw materials eg crude which most polymers are made from
Expensive because had to be collected and sorted
Because they can only be recycled to the same type
They can be melted and re shaped
Addition Polymerisation
What are they formed from?
Polyalkenes are chemical? Why (bonding)? Which means they are?
Example con But-2-ene?
Formation is endo or Exo?
What gives highly branched ones low density?
What does them being inert allow them to be used as?
What’s dangerous about them?
How can the physical properties of a polymer be altered during manufacture?(4)
Monomers of saturated alkenes Inert be C-C and C-H bonds are strong and non polar so they are non biodegradable Exo Them being packed together Insulators Highly flammable
Temp,pressure,catalyst and plasticisers
What is the use and repeating unit for Polythene Polypropylene Polyvinylchloride Acrylic Polystyrene Teflon
Plastic bags and buckets CH2CH2 Ropes CH2CHCH3 Gutters window frames clothing CH2CHCl Fibres carpets blankets CH2CHCN Insulation and packaging CH2CHC6H5 Non stick surface coating CF2CF2
